Ukwakheka koMhlaba

Siphila kwiplanethi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ephelele enezici ezingenakubalwa eziyigcina ibhalansi futhi ivumela impilo. Ukwakheka koMhlaba Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili ngokuyisisekelo. Okokuqala ingaphakathi leplanethi yethu lihlaziywa. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi yini ngaphakathi koMhlaba ukuqonda izici eziningi zangaphandle. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlaziya zonke izingxenye zangaphandle ngokulandelana, ngokuphelele, ukwazi iplanethi lapho sihlala khona.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizohlaziya futhi sazi ngokujula isakhiwo sonke somhlaba. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngayo?

Isakhiwo sangaphakathi soMhlaba

Umhlaba wethula isakhiwo esakhiwe by izingqimba concentric lapho zonke izinto eziyibumbayo ziyashintshana. Iqiniso lokuthi zihlukaniswe izingqimba singakwazi ukubonga ngokuhamba kwamaza okuzamazama komhlaba lapho kuzamazama umhlaba. Uma sihlaziya iplanethi kusuka ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle, singabona izingqimba ezilandelayo.

Isibindi

Umnyombo ungqimba lwangaphakathi loMhlaba lapho kutholakala amanani amakhulu wensimbi ne-nickel. Incibilike ngokwengxenye futhi iyimbangela yoMhlaba onamandla kazibuthe. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-endosphere.

Izinto ziyancibilika ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu lapho kutholakala khona ingqikithi. Ezinye izinqubo zangaphakathi zomhlaba zibonakala ebusweni. Siyabona ukuzamazama komhlaba, ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma ukufuduka kwamazwekazi (ama-plate tectonics).

Ijazi

Ingubo yoMhlaba ingaphezulu kwengqikithi futhi yakhiwe kakhulu ngama-silicates. Ungqimba olujiyile kunengaphakathi lomhlaba futhi lincane kakhulu njengoba lusondela ngaphezulu. Ibizwa nangokuthi i-mesosphere.

Ngalesi ungqimba olubanzi lwenzeka izenzakalo eziningi ze-convection ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kuhamba yikhona okwenza amazwekazi anyakaze. Izinto ezishisayo ezivela enkabeni ziyavuka futhi lapho zipholile, zibuyela ngaphakathi. Le mizila ye-convection engubeni inesibopho se- ukuhamba kwamapuleti we-tectonic.

ICortex

Ingqimba engaphandle kakhulu yengaphakathi loMhlaba. Kubizwa nangokuthi lithosphere. Iqukethe ama-silicates akhanyayo, ama-carbonates nama-oxide. Kuminyene kakhulu endaweni lapho kutholakala khona amazwekazi kanye ne-thinnest lapho kunezilwandle khona. Ngakho-ke, ihlukaniswe ngoqweqwe lwasolwandle nolwezwekazi. Isigaxa ngasinye sinobuningi baso futhi sakhiwe ngezinto ezithile.

Kuyindawo esebenza ngokwendawo lapho izinqubo eziningi zangaphakathi zivezwa khona. Lokhu kungenxa yamazinga okushisa ngaphakathi koMhlaba. Kukhona nezinqubo zangaphandle ezifana ne- ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ezokuthutha kanye nenzika. Lezi zinqubo zibangelwa amandla elanga namandla adonsela phansi.

Isakhiwo sangaphandle soMhlaba

Ingxenye engaphandle yoMhlaba nayo yakhiwe izingqimba eziningana ezihlanganisa zonke izinto zomhlaba.

I-hydrosphere

Kuyisethi yayo yonke indawo yamanzi ekhona kuqweqwe lomhlaba. Ungathola zonke izilwandle nolwandle, amachibi nemifula, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba nezinguzunga zeqhwa. Amanzi akwi-hydrosphere ayashintshana ngokuqhubekayo. Ayihlali endaweni emisiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yomjikelezo wamanzi.

Izilwandle nezilwandle kuphela ezithatha izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zomhlaba, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwazo ezingeni leplanethi kukhulu. Kungenxa ye-hydrosphere ukuthi iplanethi inombala wayo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Inani elikhulu lezinto ezincibilikile zitholakala emzimbeni wamanzi futhi zenziwa ngamandla amakhulu. Amandla asebenza kuzo ahlobene nokujikeleza komhlaba, ukukhanga kwenyanga nemimoya. Ngenxa yazo, ukunyakaza kwenqwaba yamanzi njengamaza olwandle, amagagasi namagagasi kuyenzeka. Lokhu kunyakaza kunomthelela omkhulu ezingeni lomhlaba, ngoba kuthinta izidalwa eziphilayo. Isimo sezulu naso sithinteka yimisinga yolwandle ngemiphumela efana ne-El Niño noma i-La Niña.

Ngokuqondene namanzi amasha noma ezwekazi, singasho ukuthi abaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni kweplanethi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kwakha izinto ezigcwala kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-Atmosphere

Umkhathi Ungqimba lwamagesi oluzungeze umhlaba wonke futhi abalulekile ukuze impilo ikhule. I-oksijeni ingumoya wokulungiselela impilo njengoba sazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagesi amaningi asiza ukuhlunga imisebe yelanga engabulala izidalwa eziphilayo kanye nemvelo.

Umkhathi nawo uhlukaniswe waba izingqimba ezihlukene, ngasinye sinobude, umsebenzi nokwakheka okuhlukile

Ukuqala ngo- i-troposphere, ingenye eqonde ngqo ebusweni obuqinile bomhlaba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kulapho sihlala khona futhi yikhona okudala izehlo zesimo sezulu njengemvula.

I-stratosphere ungqimba olulandelayo olunabela ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ayi-10 we-troposphere. Kule ungqimba ukuvikelwa kwemisebe ye-UV. Ungqimba lwe-ozone.

I-mesosphere ilandela ngaphezulu futhi iqukethe ne-ozone ethile.

I-Thermosphere ibizwa ngale ndlela ngoba, ngenxa yomphumela wemisebe yelanga, amazinga okushisa angadlula i-1500 ° C. Kuyo kunendawo ebizwa nge-ionosphere, lapho ama-athomu amaningi elahlekelwa ama-electron futhi asesimweni sama-ion, akhiphe amandla akha amalambu asenyakatho.

I-Biosphere

I-biosphere akuyona ungqimba loMhlaba uqobo, kepha kuyisethi yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo ezikhona. Zonke izidalwa eziphilayo ezihlala emhlabeni wethu zakha umhlaba. Ngakho-ke, i-biosphere iyingxenye yoqweqwe lomhlaba, kodwa futhi ne-hydrosphere nomkhathi.

Izici ze-biosphere ngu lokho okubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo. Imayelana nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nezinhlobo zokuphila ezitholakala emhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ubudlelwano bokulingana phakathi kwazo zonke izinto ze-biosphere ezibhekele konke ukusebenza kahle.

Ngabe ukwakheka komhlaba kufana noma kuhlukile?

Ngenxa yezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokutadisha, kuyaziwa ukuthi ingaphakathi lomhlaba wethu lihlukile. Yakhiwe ezindaweni ezigxile ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene. Izindlela zokutadisha zimi kanje:

• Izindlela eziqondile: Yilezo ezibandakanya ukubuka ukutadisha izakhiwo nezakhiwo zamatshe akha ubuso bomhlaba. Onke amadwala angathintwa ngqo ebusweni ukuze akwazi ukwazi zonke izakhiwo zawo. Ngenxa yalokhu, ezindaweni zokucwaninga zonke izici zamatshe ezakha uqweqwe lomhlaba ziyalinganiselwa. Inkinga ukuthi lezi zifundo eziqondile zingenziwa kuphela kufinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-15 ukujula.
• Izindlela ezingaqondile: yilabo abasebenzela ukutolikwa kwedatha ukuthola ukuthi ingaphakathi loMhlaba linjani. Yize singenakukwazi ukufinyelela kuzo ngqo, singakwazi ukubonga okungaphakathi ekutadisheni nasekuhlaziyweni kwezinye zezinto ezinjengobuningi, amandla kazibuthe, amandla adonsela phansi kanye namagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Ngisho nasekuhlaziyweni kwama-meteorite, ukwakheka kwangaphakathi komhlaba nakho kungabhekwa.

Phakathi kwezindlela ezinkulu ezingaqondile ezikhona zokwenza ukwakheka kwangaphakathi komhlaba kukhona amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba. Ukufundwa kwejubane lamagagasi nokuhamba kwawo kusivumele ukuthi sazi ingaphakathi loMhlaba, ngokomzimba nangokwakheka. Futhi yilokho indlela aziphatha ngayo la magagasi iyashintsha kuye ngezakhiwo nangohlobo lwamadwala badlula. Lapho kunendawo yezinguquko phakathi kwezinto zokwakha, kubizwa ngokuthi yi-discontinuity.

Kusuka kulo lonke lolu lwazi, kuyalandela ukuthi ingaphakathi loMhlaba lihlukile futhi lihleleke ezindaweni ezigxile ezinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene.

Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngesakhiwo soMhlaba nezici zawo.