Plate tectonics theory

Wonke amapuleti we-tectonic

Ngemuva kokubonwa phambilini ezihlokweni ze- U-Alfred Wegener futhi i Umbono wokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi, isayensi yathuthuka kuze kube, ngo-1968, eyamanje ipuleti tectonics theory. Lo mbono uthi sekuyizigidigidi zeminyaka, izingcwecwe okwakhiwe kuzo leli lizwekazi bezilokhu zihamba kancane kepha ziyaqhubeka.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ngokujula kwe-plate tectonics, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke nokufunda lokhu okuthunyelwe 🙂

Ingemuva

U-Alfred Wegener

Ngaphambi kokuba ama-plate tectonics amukelwe umphakathi wesayensi, Usosayensi u-Alfred Wegener uphakamise umbono we-Continental drift. Kwakususelwa enhlanganweni yokukhukhuleka kwamazwekazi. Uqoqe imininingwane eminingi echaza ukungabaza okuningi ngokuma kwamazwekazi nokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo.

Ubufakazi bePaleoclimatic babuthwa obukhombisa uhlobo lwesimo sezulu esasikhona ezwekazini elikhulu elaziwa ngokuthi yiPangea. Izinsalela zezilwane ezazikhona ezwenikazi nakwelinye nazo zatholakala futhi kungenxa yokuthi ngaphambi kwalawo mazwe kwakha indawo eyodwa.

Uzibuthe wasemhlabeni nawo wawubalulekile kakhulu kumqondo wokuma kwamatshe nezimbiwa phansi. Lo mbono wamukelwa eminyakeni eminingi ngemuva kokushona kukaWegener. Noma kunjalo, Akuzange kuchazwe ukuthi kungani amazwekazi ahambile. Lokho wukuthi, bekuyini isizathu sokuthi amazwekazi akwazi ukuhamba kulo lonke uqweqwe lwamazwekazi. Impendulo inikezwa ngama-plate tectonics.

Ukunyakaza kungenxa yokwakheka okuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha ezivela engutsheni. Lokhu kwaziswa kudalwe kuqweqwe lwasolwandle. Ngale ndlela, impahla entsha inamandla kule ekhona futhi ibangela ukuthi amazwekazi agudluke.

Plate Dynamics

Ukukhula koqweqwe lolwandle

Njengoba sishilo, lo mbono ugcwalisa futhi uchaze ngokuphelele ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi. Futhi kwakudingeka kuphela ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi injini eyenza amapuleti ezwekazi ahambe.

Amazwekazi ayahlangana noma ahlukane, izilwandle zivuleka, izintaba ziphakama, isimo sezulu siyashintsha, kuthonya konke lokhu, ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu ekuguqukeni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezinto eziphilayo. Uqweqwe olusha luhlala lwenziwa olwandle. Leli gxolo likhula kancane kakhulu. Yehlisa kancane ukuthi ikhula kuphela ikhilomitha noma amabili ngonyaka. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kukhula okuqhubekayo kubangela ukuthi uqhekeko ezindaweni zemisele yolwandle lubhujiswe futhi kube nokushayisana phakathi kwamazwekazi.

Zonke lezi zenzo ziguqula ukukhululeka koMhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu kushayisana nokunyakaza kwamapuleti kudaliwe izilwandle nezilwandle eziningi nezintaba ezinkulu ezinjengezintaba zeHimalaya.

Isisekelo sombono

Igebe phakathi kwamapuleti we-tectonic

Ngokwenkolelo yama-plate tectonics, uqweqwe lomhlaba lwakhiwe izingcwecwe eziningi ezihamba ngokuqhubekayo. La mabhulokhi asekelwa ungqimba lwedwala elishisayo futhi eliguquguqukayo. Ukukhumbula izingqimba zomhlaba siyabona ukuthi engubeni ephezulu kukhona imibukiso ye-convection kubangelwe ukuguqulwa kobuningi bezinto zokwakha.

Ngokubona ukuthi ubukhulu bezinto zokwakha buhlukile, amadwala aqala ukusuka kokuminyene kuya kokuminyene kakhulu. Njengamandla asemkhathini, lapho ubukhulu bomoya bukhulu kakhulu, buzothuthela kuleyo ndawo lapho bungaminyene khona. Ukunyakaza kuhlala kufana.

Ukuhamba okuqhubekayo kwale mizila ye-convection yengubo yileyo leyo, njengoba ungqimba lwezinto amapuleti ahlala kuzo luguquguquka, oluzenza ziqhubeke nokunyakaza.

Izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zisasebenza namanje anginqumanga kahle ukuthi lezi zingqimba ezimbili zihlangana kanjaniKodwa izinkolelo-mbono ze-avant-garde kakhulu zithi ukunyakaza kwento eminyene, encibilikisiwe e-asthenosphere kuphoqa izingcwecwe ezingenhla ukuba zihambe, zicwile, noma zivuke.

Ukuze kuqondwe kangcono, ukushisa kuvame ukukhuphuka. Kuma-dynamics eplanethi, ukushisa kuminyene kakhulu kunokubandayo, ngakho-ke kuhlala kuthanda ukukhuphuka futhi kuthathelwe indawo okubunjiwe. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwesamba semisinga ye-convection yengubo nengcindezi etholwa ukuzalwa koqweqwe olwandle olusha, amapuleti aqhubeka nokunyakaza.

Isimiso esifanayo siyasebenza emadwaleni ashisayo angaphansi kobuso bomhlaba: impahla yengubo encibilikisiwe iyaphakamangenkathi udaba olubandayo nolukhuni lucwila ngokuya ezansi.

Izinhlobo zokunyakaza kwepuleti le-tectonic

Amandla womhlaba

Ukuhamba kwamapuleti ama-tectonic kuhamba kancane kakhulu njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni. Ngikwazi ukuhambisa kuphela ngejubane elingaba amakhilomitha ama-2,5 ngonyaka. Leli jubane licishe lifane nejubane ezikhula ngalo izipikili.

Ukuhamba kwawo wonke amapuleti akuhambi ngendlela eyodwa, ngakho-ke, kunokungqubuzana okuningi komunye nomunye futhi kuholele ekuzamazameni komhlaba ngaphezulu. Uma lokhu kushaqeka kwenzeka olwandle, kwenzeka ama-tsunami. Lokhu kungenxa yokushayisana kwamapuleti amabili asolwandle.

Zonke lezi zinto zenzeka ngamandla amakhulu emaphethelweni amapuleti. Lokhu kuhamba kaningi akulindelekile, ngakho-ke akunakwenzeka ukwazi kusengaphambili ukuba khona kokuzamazama komhlaba.

Izinhlobo zokunyakaza ezikhona yilezi:

  • Ukuhamba Okuhlukile: Kulapho amapuleti amabili ehlukana futhi akhiqiza lokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiphutha (imbobo emhlabeni) noma uhla lwezintaba ezingaphansi kwamanzi.
  • Ukuhamba okuguqukayo: Kulapho kuhlangana amapuleti amabili, ipuleti elincanyana licwila phezu kwalelo eliqinile. Lokhu kuveza izintaba.
  • Ukuhambisa okushelelayo noma amaTransformer: Amapuleti amabili aslayida noma aslayida ezinhlangothini eziphambene. Zibanga nokwehluleka.

Uma konke lokhu sekwaziwa, ososayensi bangalinganisela ukwenzeka kokunye ukuzamazama komhlaba noma babikezele ukuhamba kwamazwekazi ngemuva kwezinkulungwane zeminyaka. Futhi ukuthi ukunyakaza kwamazwekazi kwamanje ukusuka kude komunye nomunye. Kodwa-ke, iStrait of Gibraltar izoba ngokuphelele ivaliwe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-150 nolwandle iMedithera luzonyamalala.

Ngiyethemba uyithandile imfundiso yama-plate tectonics futhi wafunda okuthile kabanzi ngeplanethi yethu.


Yiba ngowokuqala ukuphawula

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  1. Ubhekele imininingwane: Miguel Ángel Gatón
  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.