Ngokuhlukile izingqimba zomhlabaSibone ukuthi iplanethi yethu ingaphakathi layo lihlukaniswe kanjani izingqimba ezihlukene. Isigaxa, ingubo kanye ne-nucleus yizona zingqimba eziyinhloko lapho ingaphakathi lomhlaba wethu lihlukaniswe khona ngokwemvelo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo. Kufanele sicabange ukuthi ungqimba ngalunye lunezici zalo nomsebenzi walo eplanethi nasekuthuthukiseni izidalwa eziphilayo. Namuhla, sizogxila ekuchazeni i- Ukuqhuma kwezwekazi ngendlela eningiliziwe.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi ngokuma komhlaba kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kweplanethi yethu, lapha ungafunda kabanzi ngakho.
Izendlalelo Zomhlaba nomsebenzi wawo
Ingqikithi yoMhlaba yakhiwe amadwala ancibilikile nenani elikhulu lensimbi encibilikisiwe ne-nickel. Lezi zinsimbi yilokho okwakha amandla kazibuthe womhlaba okusivikela ezintweni ezingaphandle ze- Uhlelo lomkhathi kanjani ama-asteroid nama- meteorite noma umoya welanga nemisebe yawo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, engutsheni ungqimba lwamatshe nesihlabathi sobukhulu obuhlukile. Lokhu kwehlukahluka kobunzima yikhona okubangela imisinga ye-convection ebhekele ukuhamba nokufuduswa kwefayela le- amacwecwe e-tectonic. Ngenxa yalokhu kuhamba kwamapuleti, amazwekazi aguqule ukukhululeka komhlaba ezikhathini eziningi. Amazwekazi awahlelwanga ngendlela efanayo nanamuhla. Isibonelo, ngenxa yolwazi lwe U-Alfred Wegener Umhlaba wawaziwa ukuthi wakhiwe yizwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea.
Ngenxa yokuhamba kwamapuleti we-tectonic yayihamba ngezinga elilinganiselwa ku-2-3 cm ngonyaka ize ibe nesimo samanje. Kodwa-ke, namuhla amazwekazi ayaqhubeka nokunyakaza. Yini okungeyona inhlangano ebonakalayo yomuntu. Amazwekazi anokuthambekela kokuhamba.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinengqimba engaphandle kakhulu yomhlaba oyisisekelo somhlaba. Kusesikhunjeni somhlaba lapho izidalwa eziphilayo nayo yonke imeteorology esiyaziyo ithuthuka.
Ukuqhuma komhlaba kanye nezici zawo
Uqweqwe lomhlaba lungaba ngamakhilomitha angama-40 ubude futhi luhlukaniswe ngoqweqwe lwamazwekazi kanye nolwandle olwandle. Esikhathini sendawo yezwekazi yaziwa kakhulu Ipulatifomu yezwekazi lapho kutholakala khona inani elikhulu kakhulu lezimbali nezilwane, amaminerali kanye nezinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi ezifana no-oyela negesi yemvelo. Ngenxa yalokhu, le ndawo inesithakazelo esikhulu kwezomnotho kuwo wonke amazwe omhlaba.
Uqweqwe Lomhlaba ungqimba olwakha kuphela u-1% wesisindo somzimba wonke wasezulwini. Umngcele ophakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba nesembatho ukuyeka ukusebenza kukaMohorovicic. Ubukhulu balolu ungqimba abalingani yonke indawo, kepha buyehluka kuye ngezindawo. Engxenyeni yasemhlabeni imvamisa iphakathi kuka-30 no-70 km ubukhulu, kanti kuqweqwe lwasolwandle lungamakhilomitha ayi-10 kuphela.
Kungashiwo ukuthi yingxenye enkulu kakhulu yeplanethi, ngoba inezindawo zamazwekazi ezingaphansi kwezinguquko ezikhiqizwa okuhlukile ama-geological agents kanye namanye amandla angaphandle akha noma aqeda ukukhululeka njengezakhi zesimo sezulu.
Isakhiwo esime mpo koqweqwe sehlukaniswe, njengoba sishilo, saba uqweqwe lwamazwekazi nolwandle. Isigaxa sezwekazi sinengqimba engenhla enokwakheka kuyo i-granitic eningi ne-basalt eningi ephansi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uqweqwe lwasolwandle alunaso isendlalelo segranite futhi bobabili ubudala nobukhulu baso buphansi.
Izici zesikhumba sezwekazi
Sizohlaziya izici zoqweqwe lwamazwekazi. Njengoba sishilo, ungqimba oluyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi luwugqinsi. Kukhona imithambeka neshalofu lezwekazi. Sihlukanisa izingqimba ezintathu mpo koqweqwe lwamazwekazi:
- Isendlalelo se-sedimentary. Kuyingxenye ephezulu kakhulu futhi ehlanganiswe kancane noma kancane. Kwezinye izindawo zomhlaba lolu ungqimba alukho, kanti kwezinye izindawo lungaphezu kwamakhilomitha ama-3 ubukhulu. Ubuningi bungu-2,5 gr / cm3.
- Isendlalelo seGranite. Ungqimba lapho kutholakala khona izinhlobo eziningi zamatshe we-metamorphic, njengama-gneisses nama-mycaschists. Ubuningi bayo bungu-2,7 gr / cm3 kanti ubukhulu buvamise ukuba phakathi kwamakhilomitha ayishumi nanhlanu.
- Isendlalelo seBasalt. Kuyinto ejulile kunazo zonke ezi-3 futhi imvamisa iba nobukhulu obuphakathi kuka-10 no-20 km. Ubuningi bungu-2,8 gr / cm3 noma ngaphezulu. Ukwakhiwa kucatshangwa ukuthi kuphakathi kwama-gabbros nama-amphibolites. Phakathi kwalezi zingqimba zegranite ne-basalt, kungaba nokuxhumana okunzima okungabonwa ngamagagasi ka-P no-S kuzamazama komhlaba. Yilapho ukuyekiswa kukaConrad kusungulwa khona.
Izakhiwo zoqweqwe lwamazwekazi
Imodeli yokwakheka koMhlaba iqukethe ezinye izindawo ezichazwe kabanzi ezitholakala ebusweni bomhlaba. Lo mehluko ubonakala phakathi kwama-cratons nezintaba.
- Amakhrayoni yizindawo ezinzile kakhulu esezihlale izigidi eziningi zeminyaka. Lezi zindawo azivamisile ukuba nezinsiza ezibalulekile nezihlangu futhi kufakwa amapulatifomu. Ake sizihlolisise:
- Izihlangu yizindawo ezithatha ingxenye emaphakathi yamazwekazi. Banesibopho sokuba khona kwezintaba zasendulo esehlisiwe futhi zonakala ngenqubo yokuguguleka kanye nezinye izinto zangaphandle ngalezi zinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kulezi zindawo ungqimba lwenzika lulahlekile ngokuphelele. Amadwala angaphezulu abekiwe futhi akuyona into eyakha izintaba zokuqala. Labo abakha lezi zivikelo kudingeke ukuthi babekezelele izingcindezi ezinkulu namazinga okushisa ekwakhekeni kwabo, ngakho-ke, babonakala beguqulwe.
- Amapulatifomu yilezo zindawo ze-cratonic ezisalondoloza ungqimba lwe-sedimentary. Kuvamile ukubona lolu ungqimba lusongwe kancane.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sithola izintaba ze-orogenic. Zitholakala emaphethelweni ama-cratons. Yizindawo ezingama-cortical eziye zenziwa ukukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene ngenxa yokuhamba kanye nokususwa kwamapuleti e-tectonic. Izintaba zesimanje kunazo zonke zisatshalaliswa emaphethelweni oLwandlekazi iPacific. Ngaphansi kwalezi zintaba uqweqwe lukhulu kakhulu futhi lufinyelela kuma-70 km okukhulunywe ngaye ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngokuqhuma kwezwekazi.