Wayengubani u-Alfred Wegener?

U-Alfred Wegener kanye nomqondo wokuqhuma kwezwekazi

Esikoleni samabanga aphakeme ufunda ukuthi amazwekazi abengamile ndawonye kuwo wonke umlando woMhlaba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, zihlala zihamba. U-Alfred Wegener ngusosayensi owethule izwekazi le-drift theory ngoJanuwari 6, 1921. Kuyisiphakamiso esaguqula umlando wesayensi kwazise yaguqula umqondo wamandla asemhlabeni. Kusukela kwaqalwa le mbono yokuhamba kwamazwekazi, ukucushwa koMhlaba nezilwandle sekushintshiwe ngokuphelele.

Yazi ngokujula i-biography yendoda eyasungula lo mbono obalulekile futhi owadala impikiswano engaka. Funda ukuze wazi kabanzi 🙂

Alfred Wegener nomsebenzi wakhe

Umbono wokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi

U-Wegener wayeyisosha lase-German Army, uprofesa we-meteorology, kanye nomhambi wokuqala. Yize imfundisoze ayethule ihlobene nokwakheka komhlaba, usosayensi wezulu wakwazi ukuqonda kahle izimo zezingqimba zangaphakathi zomhlaba nokuzisekela ebufakazini besayensi. Ukwazile ukugcizelela ngokungaguquki ukufuduka kwamazwekazi, ethembele ebufakazini be-geological obunamandla.

Hhayi nje ubufakazi bokuma komhlaba, kodwa i-biological, paleontological, meteorological kanye ne-geophysical. U-Wegener kwakudingeka enze izifundo ezijulile nge-pelomagnetism yasemhlabeni. Lezi zifundo zisebenze njengesisekelo sombono wamanje wama-plate tectonics. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi u-Alfred Wegener ukwazile ukuthuthukisa umbono wokuthi amazwekazi angahamba ngawo. Kodwa-ke, wayengenayo incazelo egculisayo yokuthi imaphi amandla akwazi ukumhambisa.

Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kwezifundo ezahlukahlukene ezisekelwa umbono we ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi, phansi olwandle kanye ne-paleomagnetism yasemhlabeni, ama-plate tectonics avele. Ngokungafani nalokho okwaziwayo namuhla, u-Alfred Wegener wacabanga ngokuhamba kwamazwekazi hhayi amapuleti e-tectonic. Lo mbono wawusathusa futhi usaqhubeka njengoba, uma kunjalo, uzoveza imiphumela eyinhlekelele ezinhlotsheni zabantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakuhilela isibindi sokucabanga ibutho elikhulu elibhekele ukufudusa amazwekazi wonke. Ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke ngaleyo ndlela kwasho ukunqunyelwa okuphelele koMhlaba nezilwandle enkambweni ye isikhathi sokuma komhlaba.

Yize engazange asithole isizathu sokuthi kungani amazwekazi ahamba, wayenegunya elikhulu ekuqoqeni bonke ubufakazi obungaba khona ngesikhathi sakhe ukusungula le nhlangano.

Umlando neziqalo

Izifundo zokuqala zika-Alfred

Lapho uWegener eqala emkhakheni wesayensi, wayejabule ngokuhlola iGreenland. Wayekhange futhi nesilingo esikhulu sesayensi eyayisesimanjemanje impela: iMeteorology. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukukala amaphethini asemkhathini abangela izivunguvungu eziningi nemimoya kwakunzima kakhulu futhi kunembe kakhulu. Yize kunjalo, uWegener wayefuna ukungena kule sayensi entsha. Ukulungiselela ukuhambela kwakhe e-Antarctica, wethulwa ezinhlelweni ezinde zokuhamba izintaba. Wayazi nokuthi angakwazi kanjani ukusebenzisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-kites namabhaluni ekubhekeni kwesimo sezulu.

Wathuthukisa ikhono lakhe nobuchule emhlabeni we-aeronautics, waze wafika ezingeni lokuthola irekhodi lomhlaba ngo-1906, kanye nomfowabo uKurt. Irekhodi alibekile bekungukuthi uzondiza amahora angama-52 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka. Konke lokhu kulungiselela kwaba nemiphumela emihle lapho ekhethwa njengodokotela wesimo sezulu ohambweni lwaseDenmark olwalubheke enyakatho-mpumalanga yeGreenland. Lo mkhankaso uthathe cishe iminyaka emibili.

Ngesikhathi sikaWegener eGreenland, wenza izifundo ezahlukahlukene zesayensi nge-meteorology, geology, ne-glaciology. Ngakho-ke, bungakhiwa kahle ukuze kusungulwe ubufakazi obuzophikisa ukukhukhuleka kwezwekazi. Ngesikhathi sohambo wayenezithiyo ezithile nokufa, kepha azimvimbanga ekutholeni idumela elihle. Wayebhekwa njengohambo olufanelekayo, kanye nomhambi we-polar.

Lapho ebuyela eJalimane, wayeseqoqe imiqulu emikhulu yokubheka isimo sezulu kanye nesimo sezulu. Ngonyaka we-1912 wenza olunye uhambo olusha, kulokhu elibhekise eGreenland. Kwenziwe ndawonye Umhloli wamazwe waseDenmark uJP Koch. Wenza uhambo olukhulu ngezinyawo egudla iqhwa. Ngalo mkhankaso waqeda izifundo zakhe nge-climatology ne-glaciology.

Ngemuva kokukhukhuleka kwezwekazi

Imikhumbi Ye-Wegener Expeditions

Kuncane okushiwo ngokwenziwe ngu-Alfred Wegener ngemuva kokuchazwa kwezwekazi lase-Afrika. Ngo-1927, wanquma ukwenza olunye uhambo eGreenland ngokuxhaswa yiJalimane Research Association. Ngemuva kokuhlangenwe nakho nedumela elitholwe ngumbono wokuqhuma kwezwekazi, wayengoyena ofanele kakhulu ukuhola lolu hambo.

Inhloso enkulu kwakungu lukwakha isiteshi sezulu lokho kuzovumela ukuba nezilinganiso zesimo sezulu ngendlela ehlelekile. Ngale ndlela, kungatholakala imininingwane eminingi ngeziphepho nemiphumela yazo ezindizeni ze-transatlantic. Okunye obekuhlosiwe kubekiwe nasemkhakheni wezulu kanye ne-glaciology ukuthola ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amazwekazi ahambile.

Umkhankaso obaluleke kakhulu kuze kube yileso sikhathi wenziwa ngonyaka we-1029. Ngalolu phenyo, kwatholakala idatha efanelekile ngesikhathi ababekuso. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi wazi ukuthi ubukhulu beqhwa budlula amamitha ayi-1800 ukujula.

Uhambo lwakhe lokugcina

U-Alfred Wegener ohambweni

Umkhankaso wesine nowokugcina wenziwa ngo-1930 ngobunzima obukhulu kusukela ekuqaleni. Impahla evela ezikhungweni ezisenkabeni yezwe ayifikanga ngesikhathi. Ubusika beza ngamandla futhi bekuyisizathu esanele sokuba u-Alfred Wegener azame ukuhlinzeka ngesisekelo sendawo yokuhlala. Lendawo yayikhungethwe imimoya enamandla neqhwa, okwadala ukuthi abantu baseGreenland ababeqashiwe bahambe. Lesi siphepho saba yingozi ekusindeni.

Abambalwa ababesele ku-Wegener kwakudingeka bahlupheke ngenyanga kaSepthemba. Bephethe noma ikuphi ukudla, bafika esiteshini ngo-Okthoba nomunye wabo owayecishe waba yiqhwa. Akakwazanga ukuqhubeka nohambo. Isimo esibucayi lapho kwakungekho kudla noma uphethiloli (kwakukhona kuphela abantu ababili kwabayisihlanu ababekhona).

Njengoba amalungiselelo ayengekho, kwakudingeka ukuya kokuhlinzekiwe. UWegener nozakwabo uRasmus Villumsen yibona ababuyelile osebeni. U-Alfred wagubha unyaka wakhe wamashumi amahlanu ngoNovemba 1, 1930 bese ephuma ekuseni ngakusasa eyofuna umphako. Ngesikhathi salokho kuthungathwa kwezimpahla kwafundwa ukuthi kwakukhona ukuvunguza komoya okunamandla futhi amazinga okushisa -50 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho, abaphindanga babonwa besaphila. Umzimba kaWegener watholakala ngaphansi kweqhwa ngoMeyi 8, 1931, usongwe ngesikhwama sakhe sokulala. Bekungeke kutholakale isidumbu sikamlingani noma idayari yakhe, lapho bekungaba yimicabango yakhe yokugcina.

Umzimba wakhe usesekhona, wehlela kancane eqhweni elikhulu, elizothi ngelinye ilanga lintante njengentaba yeqhwa.


Amazwana, shiya okwakho

Shiya umbono wakho

Ikheli lakho le ngeke ishicilelwe. Ezidingekayo ibhalwe nge *

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  2. Inhloso yedatha: Lawula Ugaxekile, ukuphathwa kwamazwana.
  3. Ukusemthethweni: Imvume yakho
  4. Ukuxhumana kwemininingwane: Imininingwane ngeke idluliselwe kubantu besithathu ngaphandle kwesibopho esisemthethweni.
  5. Isitoreji sedatha: Idatabase ebanjwe yi-Occentus Networks (EU)
  6. Amalungelo: Nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ungakhawulela, uthole futhi ususe imininingwane yakho.

  1.   Hugo kusho

    Konke kuhle kakhulu futhi kuphelele, izithombe, imibhalo ...