Xa sifunda i Umaleko woMhlaba, sifikelela kwinqanaba lokuba sibize Inqwelomoya yeBenioff. Yindawo apho kukho intshukumo ezinkulu zenyikima ezibaxiweyo ze iiplate zeetectonic kwaye oko kuyaqhubeka kwelinye lamacala omsele waselwandle. Inqwelomoya ye-Benioff ibaluleke kakhulu xa isiza nefuthe kwiinyikima ezithile zomhlaba.
Siza kuchaza ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani inqwelomoya yaseBenioff ukuqonda amandla asemhlabeni. Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo, le yiposti yakho.
Iyintoni inqwelo moya yeBenioff
Izazi ngokuma komhlaba uHugo Benioff kunye noKiyoo Wadati bazakuba phezu kwabo ngokujonga ubukho bommandla wejoloji osebenzayo. Kungenxa yoko le nto, kule ndawo ikwaziwa ngegama likaWadati-Benioff. Yindawo apho iintshukumo zenyikima zisebenza khona kwiipleyiti.
Xa ukuthotywa kwe-lithosphere yolwandle kwi-lithosphere yelizwekazi kwenzeka, kwenzeka ngenqwelomoya esika umphezulu kwaye yenze uhlobo lwe-arc yiyo emisela umsele wolwandle. Inkqubo ye- Umsele we-Oceanic Yindawo apho ipleyiti yolwandle iwela khona kumbindi womhlaba ukuba inyamalale kumphezulu womhlaba. Kwelinye icala, kuyakubakho enye indawo apho kuvela khona ipleyiti entsha yolwandlekazi kunye nomhlaba oveliswayo. Yile ndlela iplanethi yethu eyila ngayo kwaye itshabalalise i-lithosphere ngokuqhubekayo.
Rhoqo, xa ipleyiti phakathi kokuthanjiswa irabha enye ipleyiti echaseneyo kwaye, ke, inyikima ezithile ziveliswa. Isixa kunye nokuqina kwenyikima kuxhomekeke ekuhambeni kunye nexesha elithathayo ukwenzeka. Ujoliso lwenyikima luvela kumngxunya we-concave ochazwe ngumsele waselwandle, ophethe wonke umgca wokuthimba. Indawo apho amacwecwe athoba kunye neenyikima zenzeka njengendawo ekuthiwa yi-Benioff.
Kwelinye icala, eli nqanaba likwasebenza ngokugqibeleleyo kwaye kulapho zombini iiplate zeetectonic ziyahlangana. Kule moya kukho ii-hypocentres okanye i-foci zenyikima. Ii-Hypocenters zezo apho ubunzulu obukhulu bujolise khona ngokomgama ukusuka kumsele wolwandle. Eli galelo lenziwa sisazinzulu uHugo Benioff, kungoko igama lakhe.
Iimpawu zenqwelomoya yeBenioff
Ngokwendlela esebenza ngayo le tyaba, kukho iinyikima ezahlukeneyo ezinokubangelwa yindawo yokudibana. Siza kuhlalutya uhlobo ngalunye lweempawu ezibangelwa zezi ndlela:
- Kwingingqi ekufutshane nomsele wolwandlekazi kulapho iintshukumo zenyikima ezithi zivele khona. Ezi ntshukumo zibangelwa sisiphumo sokuba ijika ye-lithosphere inayo xa ipleyiti iqala ukuthoba kwelinye.
- Ukuba siya kwingingqi esembindini, siyayibona loo nto yinxalenye engaphezulu kwayo yonke le nqwelo moya yaseBenioff. Kule ndawo kulapho iinyikima zibangelwa kukhuhlana kweplate enye kwenye ngelixa ikwinkqubo yokuthoba.
- Kukungqubana okukhoyo phakathi kwamacwecwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthimba okubangela inyikima enkulu. Ziyenzeka kubunzulu phakathi kweekhilomitha ezingama-300 ukuya kuma-700. Ezi zezona zikude kakhulu emngxunyeni kwaye zisisiphumo sokuqhekeka ngequbuliso kwazo zonke izinto ezithotywayo ngenxa yokuhlengahlengiswa kwezi zinto koxinzelelo. Siyakhumbula ukuba, Njengoko sisonyusa ubunzulu, ngokunjalo noxinzelelo. Olu xinzelelo lolona lubonisa ukuba izinto eziziswa kumaleko angaphakathi oMhlaba kufuneka zilungele imeko engqongileyo entsha.
Inqanaba lokuthambekela kwenqwelomoya yeBenioff iyahluka ngokwendawo esikuyo. Umndilili wazo zonke ezi zithambeka ungaphezulu kweedigri ezingama-45. Kukufutshane nenqwelomoya ethe tyaba.
I-lithosphere
Siyayikhumbula loo nto lithosphere Ngumaleko womphezulu womhlaba oqinileyo. Olona phawu luphambili kukuba lukhuni kakhulu. Yiyo le ethatha isigqibo sokuba yintoni enokwenza isiseko somhlaba nengubo ephezulu. Ingubo ephezulu ngumaleko ongaphandle kwaye kunokuthiwa iyadada kwi-asthenosphere. Umda wentsebenzo phakathi koqweqwe lomhlaba nengubo ephezulu yeyona nto isebenzayo ngenxa yeetekoniki zeplate.
La Uqweqwe lwelizwekazi kuncinci kakhulu ukucinga kunolwandlekazi. Ke ngoko, xa kukho ukushukuma kweplate kukho iziphumo ezahlukeneyo. Kwelinye icala, ukuba iipleyiti ezimbini zelizwekazi zingqubana, zinoxinano olufanayo, kwaye zingoyisi kwelinye. Kwenzeka ntoni kwezi meko kukuba a Orogenesis. Ukuba ipleyiti yolwandle iyangqubana nepleyiti yelizwekazi, yiyo eyenza indawo yokuthimba. Sithetha ngolwandle ngokuqhubekayo lucutheka nendawo kwaye lwenza inxenye yolwandle ukuba ingene embindini wengubo yomhlaba.
Xa izinto ezintsha zisaziswa rhoqo kwingubo yomhlaba, kulapho i Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga. Le mibhobho yokuhanjiswa iya kubakho ngenxa yotshintsho koxinano lwezixhobo. Khumbula ukuba ukuhamba phakathi koxinano kwenzeka apho kukho uxinano olukhulu ukuya apho kukho uxinano oluncinci.
I-lithosphere yenziwe ngothotho lwamacwecwe eetectonic kwimiphetho apho kulapho zonke ezi zinto zinokwenzeka khona. Ngenxa yokuxabana phakathi kwepleyiti yokuthimba kunye nembasa yelizwekazi magmatism kunye nentaba-mlilo iyenzeka. I-seismicity kunye ne-orogenesis nazo zenzeka kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo.
Ukubaluleka kwenqwelomoya yeBenioff
Inqwelomoya yeBenioff ibaluleke kakhulu xa ifunda ngemephu zenyikima yeendawo ezahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Yindawo apho isenza ukuba sibone iintshukumo ezahlukeneyo zamacwecwe eteknoloji. Iluncedo ekuqikeleleni ukuba inyikima iza kwenzeka phi.
Njengoko ubona, indawo yaseBenioff inomdla kakhulu ukwazi ukuhamba ngokuhamba kwamacwecwe. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi ngalo.
Inyani yile yokuba i-syntax yenqaku ishiya okuninzi okunqwenelekayo, kunye nezivakalisi ezininzi ezingenangqondo.
Kwelinye icala kwinkalo yesayensi efanayo.
Imizekelo.
Ngaba oku kuthathe isigqibo sokuba yintoni enokwenza umhlaba womhlaba?
Uqweqwe lwelizwekazi luncinci kakhulu ukucinga kunolwandlekazi?
Kukungqubana okukhoyo phakathi kwamacwecwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthimba okubangela inyikima enkulu. Okokugqibela kubhetele ngale ndlela: Oku kungqubana phakathi kwamacwecwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthimba yinto ebangela inyikima enkulu.
I-orogenesis ayenzi, i-orogen okanye uluhlu lweentaba lwenziwa. I-Orogenesis yinkqubo yokwenziwa kwe-orogen okanye uluhlu lweentaba.
Ingabonisa amanye amabinzana amaninzi anje
Enkosi kuwe.