Emva kokuba kubonwe ngaphambili kumanqaku e UAlfred Wegener kunye Ithiyori yokuhamba kwelizwekazi, inzululwazi yaqhubela phambili de kwangowe-1968 ipleyiti yetectoniki ithiyori. Le ithiyori ithi iibhiliyoni zeminyaka, amacwecwe equlunqwe ilizwekazi ebesoloko ehamba kancinci kodwa eqhubeka.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi nzulu iplate yetektoni, ndincoma ukuba uqhubeke nokufunda le posi post
Imvelaphi
Ngaphambi kokuba i-plate tectonics yamkelwe luluntu lwenzululwazi, Isazinzulu u-Alfred Wegener ucebise ithiyori yokukhukuliseka kwilizwekazi. Yayisekwe kukuhamba ngokuhamba kwamazwekazi. Waqokelela ulwazi oluninzi oluchaza uninzi lwamathandabuzo malunga nokumila kwamazwekazi kunye nokwabiwa kwezilwanyana nezityalo.
Ubungqina bePaleoclimatic buhlanganisiwe obabonisa uhlobo lwemozulu eyayikho kwilizwekazi elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea. Iintsalela zezilwanyana ezazikho kwilizwekazi elinye nakwelinye zafunyanwa kwaye kungenxa yokuba ngaphambi kokuba loo mihlaba yenze umphezulu omnye.
Imagnethi yomhlaba iphinda ibaluleke kakhulu kwimeko yokuqhelaniswa kwamatye kunye neeminerali. Le ngcamango yamkelwe iminyaka emva kokufa kuka-Wegener. Nangona kunjalo, Kutheni amazwekazi ehambile awachazwanga. Oko kukuthi, yayiyintoni isizathu sokuba amazwekazi akwazi ukuhamba kulo lonke ilizwekazi. Impendulo inikwa ziitectonics zeplate.
Intshukumo ibangelwa kukwenziwa ngokuqhubekayo kwezinto ezintsha ezivela kwingubo. Ezi zinto zenziwe kuqweqwe lolwandle. Ngale ndlela, izinto ezintsha zinamandla okukhoyo kwaye zibangela ukuba amazwekazi atshintshe.
Iipleyiti eziguqukayo
Njengoko besesitshilo, lethiyori iyancedisa kwaye icacisa ngokupheleleyo ukuhamba kwamazwekazi. Kwaye kwakufuneka kuphela ukuba yiyiphi injini eyenza ukuba iipleyiti zelizwekazi zihambe.
Amazwekazi ahlanganisene okanye ahlukane, iilwandle zivulekile, iintaba zinyuka, imozulu iyatshintsha, nefuthe kuko konke oku, ngendlela ebaluleke kakhulu kwindaleko kunye nophuhliso lwezinto eziphilayo. Uqweqwe olutsha luhlala lusenziwa kulwandle. Le bark inezinga lokukhula kancinci. Cothisa kancinci ukuba ikhula nje ikhilomitha okanye ezimbini ngonyaka. Nangona kunjalo, oku kukhula kuqhubekayo kubangela ukuba kuqhekezwe indawo yomsele wolwandle kunye nokungqubana phakathi kwamazwekazi.
Zonke ezi nyathelo ziguqula ukukhululeka komhlaba. Enkosi kwezi zingqubano kunye nokuhamba kwamacwecwe iilwandle kunye neelwandle ezininzi zenziwe neentaba ezinkulu ezinjengeeHimalaya.
Isiseko sethiyori
Ngokwengcinga yeplate tectonics, uqweqwe lomhlaba lwenziwe ngamacwecwe amaninzi ahamba ngokuqhubekayo. Ezi bhloko zixhaswa ngumaleko wedwala elishushu neliguquguqukayo. Ukukhumbula umaleko womhlaba siyabona ukuba kwisambatho sangaphezulu kukho Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga kubangelwe kukutshintsha koxinano lwezixhobo.
Ngokubona ukuba uxinizelelo lwezixhobo zahlukile, amatye aqala ukushenxisa ukusuka kweyona ingxineneyo ukuya kwelona lincinci. Njengamandla eatmosfera, xa ubunzima bomoya buxinene, buya kuya kuloo ndawo apho bungaphantsi kakhulu. Intshukumo ihlala ifana.
Ewe, intshukumo eqhubekayo yale mibhobho yokuhanjiswa kwengubo yile, ekubeni umaleko wezinto apho iipleyiti zihlala zitshintshile, ezenza ukuba ziqhubeke ngokuhamba.
Izazi zejoloji zisekhona ayichazanga ukuba ezi ndlela zimbini zisebenzisana njaniKodwa ezona ngcinga ziphambili ze-avant-garde zibanga ukuba ukuhamba kwezinto ezityebileyo nezinyibilikileyo ze-asthenosphere kunyanzela iipleyiti eziphezulu ukuba zihambe, zitshone okanye zinyuke.
Ukuze uqondwe ngcono, ubushushu buhlala bunyuka. Kwiiplanethi eziguqukayo, ubushushu bungaphantsi kokubandayo, ke kuhlala kuhlala kuphakama kwaye kutshintshwe izinto ezixineneyo. Ke ngoko, phakathi kwesambuku semijikelezo yokuhanjiswa kwengubo kunye noxinzelelo olubangelwa kukuzalwa koqweqwe olutsha lwaselwandle, amacwecwe ahamba ngokuqhubekayo.
Umgaqo ofanayo usebenza kumatye ashushu aphantsi komhlaba. impahla yengubo etyhidiweyo inyuka, ngelixa into ebandayo neyomeleleyo itshona ngakumbi emazantsi.
Iindidi zentshukumo yeetectonic plate
Ukuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji kuhamba kancinci njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili. Uyakwazi ukuhamba kuphela ngesantya esimalunga ne-2,5 km ngonyaka. Esi santya sifana noko nesantya esikhula ngaso iinzipho.
Ukuhamba kwawo onke amacwecwe akukho kwicala elinye, ke ngoko, kukho ukungqubana okuninzi kunye nokukhokelela kwiinyikima zomhlaba. Ukuba oku kothuka kwenzeka elwandle, kwenzeka kwiitsunami. Oku kungenxa yokungqubana kwamacwecwe amabini olwandle.
Zonke ezi zinto zenzeka ngamandla amakhulu emaphethelweni eepleyiti. Le ntshukumo ihlala ingalindelekanga, ngenxa yoko akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi kwangaphambili ubukho beenyikima.
Iindidi zeentshukumo ezikhoyo zezi:
- Intshukumo eyahlukileyo: Kuxa amacwecwe amabini ahlukene aze avelise into ebizwa ngokuba yimpazamo (umngxunya emhlabeni) okanye intaba engaphantsi kwamanzi.
- Ukuhamba okuguqulweyo: Kuxa iipleyiti ezimbini zidibene, isitya esibhityileyo siyatshona kulona sityebileyo. Oku kuvelisa iintaba.
- Intshukumo yokutyibilika okanye iinguqu: Amacwecwe amabini alayidi okanye isilayidi kumacala ahlukeneyo. Ikwabangela ukusilela.
Nje ukuba konke oku kwaziwe, izazinzulu zinokuqikelela ukwenzeka kweenyikima ezithile okanye ziqikelele ukuhamba kwamazwekazi emva kwamawaka eminyaka. Kwaye kukuba intshukumo yangoku yamazwekazi kukuba imke enye kwenye. Nangona kunjalo, iStrait yaseGibraltar iya kuba ngokupheleleyo ivaliwe kwiminyaka eyi-150 yezigidi ulwandle lweMeditera luya kuthi shwaka.
Ndiyathemba ukuba uyithandile ithiyori yeetectonics zepleyiti kwaye wafunda enye into malunga neplanethi yethu.