La Ixesha leCenozoic iqala nge Ixesha Paleogene y liqhekeza lamaxesha e-geologic. Laqala ke elixesha eladlula kwi-66 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye laphela malunga ne-23 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Eli xesha lexesha uguquko lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaziphawuleka kakhulu ngaphandle kwenyani yokuba zazifanele ukuba zivele kwindidi ezincinci. Ezi ntlobo zazincinci ngobungakanani ukuba sizithelekisa needinosaurs ezazikho kwi Cretaceous ixesha.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, ijiology, imozulu, iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zexesha lePaleogene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Igama elithi Paleogene livela kwezona ndlela zakudala zobomi bamva nje. Xa sibhekisa kubomi bamva nje sigxininisa yonke into ekhoyo yexesha leCenozoic. Ekuqaleni kwePaleogene kwakukho ukuphazamiseka ukuthetha naye Inqanaba lejoloji emva kokuphela kweedinosaurs ekupheleni kweCretaceous.
Ngeli xesha uMntla Melika kunye neGreenland bahlukaniswa kwilizwekazi lase-Eurasia. Ndiyabulela kule nto, ulwandle lwaseNorway lwenziwa. Olu lwandle lukhona malunga neminyaka engama-60 ezigidi. Ngelo xesha, ezinye iilwandle zazisendleleni, ezinje nge Indian Ocean kunye ne Atlantic. Ndiyabulela koku, ikwazile ukwanda ngohlobo lokuba iintlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana zikwazi ukuvela ngokwahlukeneyo. Kungenxa yokuba uhlobo ngalunye luye lwahlengahlengiswa kwindalo eyahlukeneyo.
Ngenxa yeemeko ezahlukileyo zokusingqongileyo, iintlobo zivelisa uhlengahlengiso olwahlukeneyo ukuze ziphile kwindalo esingqongileyo.
IPaleogene Geology
Ukuba asibhekiseli e-Australia nase-India sinokubona ukuba bebehamba kwicala elisempuma-mpuma ngenxa yokuhamba kwelizwekazi. Isantya sokuqikelelwa kokuhamba kwala mazwekazi sasimalunga neesentimitha ezi-6 ngonyaka. Njengoko kungqinwe luphando lwakutshanje lwejoloji, Ireyithi yokukhukuliseka kwelizwekazi iye yehla kakhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Oku kushenxiswa kwicala elisempuma-mpuma kubangele okanye ukwahlulwa kweAntarctica eyahlala kufutshane nepali esemazantsi ukusuka kwimvelaphi yePangea. Malunga neminyaka engama-40 ezigidi kamva, i-India yayisele iphantse yahlukana ngokupheleleyo ne-Afrika kwaye yayiza kungqubana neAsia ukudibanisa nokwenza i zeHimalaya. Ukungqubana kunye nokusekwa kweHimalaya yayingunobangela wokuvalwa kolwandle lweTethys enkulu. Oku kwenzeka malunga neminyaka engama-52 yezigidi eyadlulayo.
Utshintsho kwimozulu
Ngalo lonke ixesha lePaleogene bekukho utshintsho olunzulu lwemozulu njengokupholisa kwimimandla esecaleni. Ngelo xesha, ukwakheka kwamalahle kunye nokwakheka komhlaba njengeAlps kunye noluhlu olubanzi lweentaba zeAndes eMzantsi Melika nako kwaqala.
Oku kupholisa akubonanga iplanethi yethu emva kokuphela kwe Triassic. Ngombulelo ukwehla kwamaqondo obushushu behlabathi, ukupholisa okwethutyana kwiplanethi yonke kwavunyelwa. Nangona kunjalo, Njengoko ixesha lePaleogene liqhubela phambili, iqondo lobushushu emhlabeni lenyuka kwakhona. Ngenxa yoku kunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu, umhlaba waqala waba yindawo yetropiki kwiindawo ezininzi. Kule mimandla imozulu yayahluke ngokupheleleyo kwezinye.
Izinto eziphilayo kwakufuneka zivumelane nemozulu. Baye bakwazi ukuhlala ngaphandle kokuphela okwenzeke kwixesha langaphambili. Enye yezi taxa yayizii-angiosperms.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Izidalwa ezanyisayo ezafunyanwa ngelo xesha zazigcinwa zinempawu ezifanayo nezo zifunyanwa namhlanje. Phakathi kwazo, ihashe, inkawu, ezinye iintlobo zezityalo kunye nezinye izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Emva kokuphela kweCretaceous ngasekupheleni, uninzi lweentlobo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo zaphumelela. Ezi zilwanyana zikwazile ukwahluka, zaba luhlobo olwahlukileyo emhlabeni.
Enye yezona ntlobo zibalulekileyo zezilwanyana ezanyisayo yayizizilwanyana ezihamba ngokuhamba kwexesha ukuya eHomo sapiens.
Amanqanaba ePaleogene
Ithuba Paleogene yahlulwe amaxesha 3 kunye neempawu ezahlukeneyo yokwakheka komhlaba, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana, kunye nemozulu ezahlukeneyo. Ezi zigaba zintathu zilandelayo: Paleocene, Ilungile y Oligocene.
Paleocene
Yona yokuqala Inqanaba elineminyaka ezizigidi ezingama-65 kwaye laqhubeka de kwaba zizigidi ezingama-56 zeminyaka. Kweli nqanaba lexesha, indawo epheleleyo yelizwekazi lasePangea yenzekile. Zonke iipleyiti zeetekonic ezahlulwe ekugqibeleni zahlukana neAntarctica neAustralia. Uluntu oluncinci lwezilwanyana ezanyisayo zasebusuku zazikho njengeempawu zokondla ngokutya kunye nezinambuzane. Apha sifumana iimpuku, iintaka kunye nezirhubuluzi eziya kuphila ngeli xesha.
Ilungile
Eli nqanaba liqhubeke ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-56 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-34 ezigidi. Apha yonke i-hemisphere yasentshona yayikukunyuka kweentaba ezinkulu ngokungqubana kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Imozulu yayishushu kwaye ifumile ngeli xesha. Umahluko kumaqondo obushushu waphawulwa yi-ikhweyitha, imeridian kunye nezibonda. Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana, izilwanyana ezindala ezinje ngee marsupials kunye nee lemurs zivele.
Oligocene
Eli nqanaba liqhubeke ukusuka kwizigidi ezingama-34 ukuya kwiminyaka engama-23 yezigidi. Ngeli xesha igeology yayijolise ekuvaleni umsantsa osempuma weTethys Ocean. Konke oku kwenzeka ngelixa i-Australia ingqubana ne-Indonesia kunye ne-North American plate yaqala ukugqagqana kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Ngokuphathelele kwimozulu, iqondo lobushushu lehlabathi lagcinwa ngendlela efudumeleyo nenomswakama. Kungekudala emva koko, imeko yayitshintsha isiya kwifriji yehlabathi ngokufika kwexesha le-ice. Kwicala lezilwanyana sifumana ii-creodonts eziye zathatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwazo. Izilwanyana ezanyisayo. Zasekwa ukuze zikwazi ukulawula bonke ubomi bomhlaba emhlabeni. Omnye wemizekelo ebaluleke kakhulu ziinkamela ezincinane kunye neendlovu zokuqala ezazingenamabamba. Ngapha koko, imikhosi yakhe yayimfutshane kakhulu.
Njengoko ubona, ixesha lePaleogene lilayishwe ngophuhliso lwazo zombini izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana kwaye zinomdla kwinqanaba lejoloji. Ekupheleni kwePaleogene, ukukhula kwamazinyo kwaqala, okwathi kamva kwajika kwaba ngumntu wangoku. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nexesha lePaleogene.