Ngexesha ICenozoic Sidibana Ixesha lePaleocene esusela kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-66 eyadlulayo ukuya kwiminyaka emalunga nezigidi ezingama-56 eyadlulayo. Ibibekwe phakathi kwexesha lePaleogene kwaye yaziwa ngotshintsho olukhulu olukhoyo kwiplanethi. Inkqubo ye- Izilwanyana zePaleocene yayibonakaliswa yinkqubo yokuphela kweedinosaurs kunye neemeko ezinobundlobongela. Ngeli xesha, ezinye iimeko zasekwa ukuze iplanethi izinzile ngakumbi kwaye inokubangela ukukhula kwezityalo nezilwanyana ezininzi.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu kunye nokuvela kwezilwanyana zasePaleocene.
Ixesha lePaleocene
Ngelo xesha Iplanethi yayisebenza kakhulu ngokwembono yejoloji. Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi kuqhubekile nentshukumo yokwahlula ilizwekazi eliphambili elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea kwaye amazwekazi atshintshela kwindawo ekuyo namhlanje.
Ngokubhekisele kwiyantlukwano yendalo, kwakumalunga nexesha elinentabalala yezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Amaqela ezilwanyana asindileyo ekuphelisweni kwexesha elidlulileyo akwazile ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezahlukeneyo zokusingqongileyo. Ukusuka apha, bayasasazeka, bahlala kwiindawo ezinkulu zomhlaba kwaye bahluka kwiindidi kunye nohlobo.
Ngenxa yomsebenzi onzima wejoloji ngeli xesha lalibonakalisiwe, sinezicwecwe zetekoniconic eziqale intshukumo yazo ngexesha le- intle Kwaye ke bahlala kwezinye iindawo kwiPaleocene. Imozulu ikwabangele amaqondo obushushu aphezulu aphezulu Babangele utshintsho olukhulu kuphuhliso lweentlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nendawo yabo yokuhambisa kunye neendawo zokuhlala.
Izinto eziphilayo nezityalo
Kuba iPaleocene yaqala kwangoko emva kwenkqubo yokupheliswa kobuninzi kwinqanaba leplanethi, uninzi lweentlobo kwafuneka zisinde kwaye zilungelelanise iimeko ezintsha. Oku kupheliswa okukhulu kubangele ukuba izinto eziphilayo ezaziphila kwafuneka zahlukane kokubini kwindawo kunye nakwindaleko. Uninzi lwezi ntlobo zisaphilayo lwaba lolona hlobo lutsha lubalaseleyo emhlabeni.
Le nkqubo yokupheliswa kobuninzi yayiyeyona ifundwayo kwaye yamkelwa kwimbali kwaye yaziwa njenge Ukuphela kobunzima beCretaceous and Tertiary. Kulapha apho uninzi lwezilwanyana zeplanethi luphela lwaphela kwaye iidinosaurs zigqamile.
Ngokuphathelene neentyatyambo zePaleocene sifumana izityalo ezininzi eziqhubekayo namhlanje. Ezinye zezityalo ezikhule ngeli xesha yimithi yesundu, iconifers kunye necacti. Oku kuye kwafunyanwa ngenxa yeerekhodi zeefosili eziye zaqokelelwa ziingcali. Kwakukho neendawo apho ifern yayisisityalo esininzi kakhulu.
Kuba imozulu eyayixhaphakile ngexesha lePaleocene yayishushu kwaye ifumile kukuthandile ukukhula kwemimandla emikhulu yomhlaba kunye nezityalo ezinamagqabi kunye nemifuno eqhelekileyo yamahlathi emvula kunye namahlathi amandulo. Olu phuhliso lweendawo zokuhlala ezishisayo ezinobuninzi ukufuma, amaqondo obushushu ashushu kunye nohlaza olubanzi kunokuvumela ukubonakala kwezilwanyana ezitsha.
IiConifers zazilawula zonke ezo ndawo apho amaqondo obushushu ayephantsi. Ezi conifers zandiswa zaya kwimimandla ekufuphi nezibonda. Esinye sezityalo eziqhubekeke ngokwahluka kwazo zii-angiosperms. Ezi zityalo zigcinwa namhlanje.
Izilwanyana zePaleocene
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana zePaleocene, sinezilwanyana ezininzi ekuye kwafuneka zoyise umcimbi wokuphela kobunzima beCretaceous engasekhoyo. Izilwanyana ezinako basinde babenethuba lokwahlula-hlula ukwanda kumazwe ahlukeneyo kwihlabathi liphela. Baye baxhamla ngakumbi ithuba lokuba iidinosaurs zazisele zikho, ezi zezona zixhaphakileyo emhlabeni. Ezi zilwanyana zitya ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo zokusingqongileyo, ke ubukho beedinosaurs, ukwahluka kunye nokusebenza kwendawo kwakulula kakhulu.
Phakathi kwamaqela ezilwanyana ezazizezilwanyana zePaleocene kwaye zazisasazeka ngomlinganiselo omkhulu zazikho izilwanyana, iintaka, izirhubuluzi kunye neentlanzi. Siza kuhlalutya nganye nganye.
Izilwanyana
Izirhubuluzi yayiliqela lezilwanyana ezazisinda kulwandiso kwaye zathandwa ziimo zezulu ezikhoyo ngeli xesha. Iimeko zokusingqongileyo zabavumela ukuba basasaze kwiindawo ezininzi ezazilungele ukusinda kwabo.
Phakathi kwezirhubuluzi uninzi lweenkampu zesininzi, ezazihlala kwindawo ezihlala emanzini. Umzimba wabo wawufana nqwa namacikilishe amakhulu kwaye zinomsila omde onamalungu amancinanana amane. Ezinye zale mizekelo zinokufikelela kwiimitha ezi-4 ubude kwaye amazinyo azo akwazi ukuzingela ixhoba lawo ngokukhululeka okukhulu. Iinyoka kunye neebubu nazo zaphuhliswa ngeli xesha.
Aves
Iintaka zePaleocene zihlala kulo mhlaba kwaye zandisile ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kwimimandla yetropiki. Iintaka zohlobo lweGastornis, ezaziwa njengeentaka ezoyikisayoZazinkulu kodwa zazingenako ukubhabha. Olona phawu luphambili lolu didi kukuba babenomlomo omkhulu onobungqingqwa obomeleleyo. Imikhwa yabo yayizizilwanyana ezitya inyama kwaye babengamarhamncwa awoyikekayo kwizilwanyana ezininzi.
Ngalo lonke eli xesha, iintlobo ezininzi zeentaka eziqhubekayo namhlanje ziye zavela kwaye zavela ngenxa yemeko yokusingqongileyo. Phakathi kweli qela leentaka silifumana Iilwandle, izikhova, amahobe kunye namadada, phakathi kwabanye.
Izilwanyana zePaleocene: iintlanzi kunye nezilwanyana
Ngexesha lokuphela kobunzima beCretaceous, inxalenye enkulu yezilwanyana zaselwandle kunye nazo zonke iidinosaurs zaselwandle nazo zanyamalala. Oku kukhokelele kukhuphiswano oluncinci kwimekobume yaselwandle kwaye kwabangela ukuba ookrebe basasazeke babe zizilwanyana ezilawulayo ezintsha. Uninzi lweentlanzi eziqhubekayo namhlanje zenze ukubonakala kwazo ngeli xesha.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana ezanyisayo, yayiyeyona qela liphumelele kakhulu kwizilwanyana zePaleocene. Iiplacentals, i-monotremes kunye ne-marsupials bema ngaphandle. I-placentals liqela lezilwanyana ezincancisayo ezona zinto ziphambili ekukhuleni komntwana ngaphakathi kunina. Unxibelelwano phakathi kwabo lusekwe ngenxa yomtya kunye ne-placenta. Kweli qela kukho iimpuku, iilamurs kunye neeprimates, phakathi kwabanye.
I-Marsupial lelinye iqela lezilwanyana ezincancisayo apho umntu obhinqileyo ebonisa uhlobo lwengxowa eyaziwayo ngegama le-marsupium. Apha sifumana ii-kangaroo kwaye azinabameli abaninzi kwi-Paleocene. Ekugqibeleni, i-monotremes yayizilwanyana ezinempawu ezifana nezirhubuluzi kunye neentaka. Umzimba wabo ugqunywe sisigqubuthelo kodwa banee-oviparous. Nantsi iplatypus kunye ne-echidna.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana zePaleocene.