Ixesha leCenozoic: Yonke into ekufuneka uyazi

Namhlanje siza kuthatha uhambo oludlulileyo. Kodwa hayi kwixesha elidlulileyo leminyaka embalwa okanye kwiinkulungwane ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo. Siza kuhamba iminyaka engama-66 yezigidi sibuyele kwangoku. Kwaye kunjalo iCenozoic lixesha ebelilelesithathu lamaxesha aphambili kwimbali yoMhlaba. Yayilithuba elaziwa kakhulu apho amazwekazi afumana ubumbeko abanalo namhlanje. Siyayikhumbula loo nto ithiyori yelizwekazi kunye neetectoniki zeplate zichaza ukuba amazwekazi ayahamba.

Ngaba ufuna ukwazi zonke iimpawu kunye neziganeko, zombini i-geological kunye ne-biological, ezenzeke kwiCenozoic? Kule posi siza kukuxelela konke 🙂

Yintoni iCenozoic?

I-geology, i-flora kunye nezilwanyana zehlabathi azizinzi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ukutyhubela iminyaka ziguquka ngokuwela kweentlobo kunye notshintsho kwimeko yokusingqongileyo. Amatye, kwelinye icala, ahamba kunye namazwekazi, enza kwaye atshabalalise iipleyiti zetectonic.

Igama elithi Cenozoic livela igama elithi Kainozoic. Yayisetyenziswa sisazinzulu ngokwesiNgesi UJohn phillips ukubiza izahlulo eziphambili zePhanerozoic Aeon.

Ixesha leCenozoic liyeyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu, kuba ibonisa umzuzu xa iidinosaurs zanyamalala. Oku kuphawule ukuqala kohlaziyo lweemammalia. Ukongeza, amazwekazi afumene ubumbeko olugcinwayo namhlanje kwaye izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zavela. Iimeko ezintsha zokusingqongileyo ezivezwe yiplanethi yethu, kunyanzelekile ukuba zitshintshe yonke ipanorama eyaziwa ngoku.

Ngexesha leCenozoic, uLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki lwandiswa lwenza uluhlu lweentaba zeAtlantic. Amanye amazwe afana ne-India abenothuko olukhulu lweetectonic olukhokelele ukuyilwa kweentaba. Kwelinye icala, ipleyiti yase-Afrika yahamba yaya kwicala lase-Yuropu ukuze yenze iiAlps zaseSwitzerland. Okokugqibela, eMntla Melika iiNtaba zeRocky zenziwa yinkqubo enye.

Amatye ezazikhona ngeli xesha zaphuhliswa kumazwekazi kunye namathafa asezantsi, ukufumana inqanaba eliphezulu lobulukhuni. Oku kungenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu olubangelwa kukungcwaba okunzulu, ikhemikhali ye-diagenesis, kunye namaqondo aphezulu obushushu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngamatye e-sedimentary ahamba phambili kweli xesha. Ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha sayo yonke ioyile yehlabathi itsalwa kwiidipozithi zelitye lentlenga.

Iimpawu zexesha leCenozoic

Ukusukela ukuba eli xesha langena ngokuphela kweedinosaurs, zininzi iinguqu ezenzekayo kwinqanaba leplanethi. Eyokuqala yayikukuzivelela nokwanda kwezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ngokungabi nokhuphiswano lweedinosaurs, banokuvela kwaye bahluke. Ukutshintshwa kwemfuza kuncede ukwandisa ukwanda kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwezilwanyana ezincancisayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.

Ngokubanzi, kwabakho ulwandiso lwezilwanyana kuwo wonke umhlaba. Amacwecwe eTectonic ahlala eshukuma kwaye ngeli xesha apho uLwandlekazi lweAtlantic lukhula. Iziganeko ezinokubaluleka kwaye zibalulekile namhlanje zezi:

• Iintaba ezinkulu zehlabathi lonke zenziwa.
• Iimpawu zokuqala zavela.
• Iminqwazi polar zaphuhliswa.
• Uhlobo lomntu lwenza ukubonakala kwalo.

Ngawaphi amaxesha agubungela eli xesha?

Njengoko kuchaziwe kwi- Ixesha lejoloji Ixesha ngalinye lenziwe ngamaxesha aliqela. I-Cenozoic yahlulahlulwe yangamaxesha amabini abizwa ngokuba yi-Tertiary kunye ne-Quaternary. Ezi zinto zahlulahlulwe ngokwamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

Ithuba lemfundo ephakamileyo

Lixesha lokuqala apho iintlobo zobomi kumphezulu nakulwandle zifana nezangoku. Ukusukela ukuba ii-dinosaurs zanyamalala, izilwanyana kunye neentaka zazilawula umhlaba. Kungenxa yokuba babengenalo naluphi na uhlobo lokhuphiswano. Ngeli xesha ukutya okutyayo, izilwanyana ezirhintyayo, iimarsupials, izinambuzane kunye neminenga yayisele ikho.

Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, eli xesha lahlulwe laba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo:

• Paleocene. Lubonakala yi ukupholisa iiplanethi kunye nokwakheka ngenxa iminqwazi polar. I-Pangea ehamba phambili ekugqibeleni yahlula kwaye amazwekazi athatha ukuma namhlanje. Iindidi ezininzi zeentaka zavela kunye nokukhula kwee-angiosperms. Kwakhona, iGreenland yemka kuMntla Merika.
• Ilungile. Ngeli xesha iintaba ezinkulu ezikhankanywe ngasentla zavela. Izidalwa ezanyisayo zakhula kakhulu kangangokuba zaba zizilwanyana ezibaluleke kakhulu. Amahashe okuqala avela kunye neenyani. Ezinye izilwanyana ezifana neminenga zilungelelaniswe nemeko yolwandle.
• Oligocene. Eli lixesha apho amacwecwe e-tectonic aqhubeka nokudibana ukwenza uLwandle lweMeditera. Iintaba ezifana nezo zeHimalaya kunye neeAlps zenziwa.
• Miocene. Zonke iintlobo zeentaba zagqitywa kwaye i-Antarctic ice cap yenziwa. Oku kubangele ukuba imozulu ngokubanzi eMhlabeni ibande. Iindawo ezininzi ezinengca zavela kwihlabathi kwaye izilwanyana zavela.
• Pliocene. Ngeli xesha, izilwanyana zafikelela kwinqanaba lazo kwaye zasasazeka. Imozulu ibibanda kwaye yomile kwaye kwavela iihominid zokuqala. Iintlobo ezinje IiAustralopithecines kunye homo habilis  kunye Homo erectus, izinyanya ze Homo sapiens.

Ixesha koqeqesho

Eli lelona xesha langoku silaziyo. Yahlulahlulwe yangamathuba amabini:

• Ipleistocene. Ikwabizwa ngokuba lixesha lomkhenkce kuba landisiwe ngaphezulu kwekota yomhlaba wonke. Iindawo apho umkhenkce ungazange ubekhona ngaphambili zambozwa. Ukuphela kweli xesha izilwanyana ezininzi ezanyisayo zaziphelile.
• Holocene. Lixesha apho umkhenkce unyamalala unika umhlaba kunye nokwandisa ishelufu lelizwekazi. Imozulu ishushu ngobuninzi bezityalo nezilwanyana. Abantu bayaphuhlisa kwaye baqale ukuzingela kunye nokulima.

Imozulu yeCenozoic

I-Cenozoic yayithathwa njengexesha apho iplanethi ipholile. Yahlala ixesha elide. Emva kokuba i-Australia ihlukane ngokupheleleyo ne-Antarctica ngexesha le-Oligocene, imozulu yaphola kakhulu ngenxa yokuvela kwe I-Antarctic Circumpolar yangoku evelisa ukupholisa okukhulu kuLwandlekazi lweAntarctic.

Ngexesha leMiocene kwabakho ukufudumala ngenxa yokukhutshwa kwekhabhon diokside. Emva kokuphola kwemozulu, kwaqala ixesha lokuqala lomkhenkce.

Ngolu lwazi uya kufunda ngakumbi ngembali yeplanethi yethu 🙂