La Ixesha elifanelekileyo wayengomnye wabo babumba ixesha le Paleogene Ixesha leCenozoic. Ngeli xesha kwabakho utshintsho olukhulu kumbono wejoloji kunye nebhayiloji, kuba iindawo ezinkulu zeentaba zenziwa ngenxa yongqubano lwamazwekazi. Ezi ntshukumo zamazwekazi zibangele Izilwanyana ezinobungozi inokuphuhliswa kwaye yahlukaniswe kuluhlu olubanzi.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu kunye nophuhliso lwezilwanyana ze-Eocene.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Ixesha le-Eocene yahlala malunga neminyaka engama-23 yezigidi. Yasasazwa kwiminyaka emi-4 ephawulwe ngotshintsho lwemozulu, i-geological kunye nezilwanyana. Kuthathelwa ingqalelo njengexesha lotshintsho apho iplanethi yafumana khona utshintsho kwinqanaba lejoloji okoko i-super continent Pangea yabangelwa ukuba yaphule. Yile ndlela amazwekazi awenziwa ngayo njengoko sibazi namhlanje.
Kwakukho utshintsho oluninzi lwemozulu olubaluleke kakhulu kuba bekukho iminyhadala echasene nePaleogene. Umzekelo, sinomsitho weAzolla obangele ukonyuka kobushushu bendalo esingqongileyo ngendlela eyadala ezinye iimeko apho izidalwa eziphilayo zazifanele ziqhelane. Kwakukho nolunye utshintsho kumaqondo obushushu anyanzelise ukwehla kuwo. Zombini ezi ziganeko zemozulu ziye zazisa iziphumo zezidalwa ezihlala emhlabeni ngeli xesha.
Iinyoni lelinye lamaqela afumene olwahlukahlukana lukhulu ngeli xesha. Uninzi lwabo bahlala kulo mhlaba yayizizilwanyana ezinoburhalarhume obukhulu. Ukuqhekeka ngokupheleleyo kwelizwekazi eliphambili iPangea yeyona nto ibangele okanye iyantlukwano yeentlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana nezityalo.
Siza kuhlalutya indlela zombini izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana ze-Eocene.
Flora
Ngeli xesha lexesha imeko yendalo yesijikelezi-langa savumela ukukhula kweentlobo ezininzi zezityalo nezilwanyana. Yayilixesha apho indalo iyanda ngenxa yemozulu eshushu kunye nefudumeleyo.
Ukuhlalutya iintyatyambo kufumanise ukuba lutshintsho olubonakalayo. Xa amaqondo obushushu ayeshushu kwaye efumile ekuqaleni kwe-Eocene, iplanethi yayinamahlathi amaninzi kunye namahlathi. Kukho ubungqina obuthi iipali zazinamahlathi ngeli xesha. Into emanyeneyo egcina ukunqongophala kwezityalo ezincinci zizinto eziphilayo zasentlango kumbindi wamazwekazi.
Izityalo eziphuhle kakhulu ngeli xesha yayiyi-metasequoia kunye nosapho lwe-cupresaceae. Ezokugqibela zezo zeqela lejimnosperms, ekubeni ngokuyintloko kuyimithi yodidi. Liqela lezityalo elinokuguquguquka njengoko zinokubancinci kwaye zibe nkulu. Amagqabi ayo ayafana nezikali kwaye acwangciswe ngokusondelelene kakhulu. Abanye babo bakhulula into emnandi ngakumbi.
Izilwanyana ezinobungozi
Kulapha apho sigxila kwizilwanyana ze-Eocene. Sinokuthi ukuba izilwanyana ngeli xesha kwahluka kakhulu. Amaqela ezilwanyana ezanyisayo kunye neentaka yayizezona zazime kakhulu. Siza kuhlalutya onke amaqela.
Izilwanyana ezingenamqolo
Igcine ukwahluka kancinci ngakumbi kwimeko yolwandle. Kukho inani elikhulu lee-molluscs, phakathi kwazo i-gastropods, bivalves, echinoderms kunye ne-cnidarians. IArthropods nayo yavela ngeli xesha, iimbovane zingoyena mmeli ubalaseleyo.
Aves
Iintaka zezona ntlobo ziphuhlise umbulelo omkhulu kwimeko entle yokusingqongileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ezinoburhalarhume zinika amaqela amabini ezinto eziphilayo kwaye zazisoyikwa kakhulu ngelo xesha. Phakathi kweentlobo zeentaka ezikhule kakhulu kwaye zininzi zezi: I-Phorusrhacidae, Gastornis kunye noonombombiya. Siza kuchaza iimpawu nganye nganye:
- IPhorusrhacidae: Liqela leentaka elineempawu eziphambili kubukhulu bayo obukhulu. Ezinye iisampulu zazifikelela kwiimitha ezintathu ukuphakama. Inokuqinisekiswa ngokubulela kwiirekhodi ezininzi zeefosili ezikhoyo ukusukela ngeli xesha. Kutshanje, ezinye iingqayi zezilwanyana zingafunyanwa ukuze zichongwe ngcono. Olunye uphawu lwephiko kukwazi ukubhabha. Nangona kunjalo, wayenzela ngokukhawuleza kakhulu. Kucingelwa ukuba bafikelela kwisantya ukuya kuthi ga kwiikhilomitha ezingama-3 ngeyure. Babezizilwanyana ezinqabileyo zezilwanyana ezincinci, kubandakanywa nezinye izilwanyana.
- Gastornis: Yaziwa njenge ntaka yoyikiso. Kungenxa yokuba babekhangeleka besoyikisa. Phakathi kweempawu zayo eziphawuleka kakhulu sifumana ubungakanani bayo obukhulu, kunye nezinye iisampulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-2 yeemitha kunye nangaphezulu kwe-100 kilos ubunzima. Intloko yazo enkulu kunye nemfutshane, imizimba eyomeleleyo yabenza boyikeka. Umlomo wawufana nesinye isikhwenene namhlanje. Amandla obuhle ayemangalisa kwaye enikezelwa ukubamba ixhoba labo. Nangona lalingabhabhayi, lalinesantya esikhulu.
- Oonombombiya: Liqela leebhasi ezingaphaphazeliyo. Eli qela lisindile ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla kwaye liseAntarctica kumazantsi epali. Ngeli xesha kukholelwa ukuba bahlala kwilizwekazi lase Mzantsi Melika. Oku kuyaziwa ngombulelo kwezinye iifosili eziye zafunyanwa kule ndawo. Kwakukho ezinye iisampulu ezilingana ukuya kwi-1.5 kunye nezinye ezincinci.
I-Eocene Fauna: Izirhubuluzi nezilwanyana ezanyisayo
Izirhubuluzi zazikho zaza zaphuhla ngokukhawuleza. Ezona zazikho kakhulu yayiziinyoka ezinkulu, ezifikelela ngaphezulu kweemitha ezili-10 ubude kwezinye iisampulu.
Ngokubhekisele kwizilwanyana ezincancisayo, eli qela laye lahluka-hlukeka ngakumbi, ngakumbi ii-ungulates, iicetaceans kunye nezinye izidlo ezinkulu. Makhe sihlalutye nganye nganye:
- Ukuhambisa: Olona phawu luphambili kukuba inokuhamba ixhaswe ekupheleni kweminwe yayo. Apha sineehagu neenkamela, iinkomo, iigusha neebhokhwe.
- Abantu baseCetaceans: baphuhla kwimeko yolwandle kwaye zazikhona iintlobo ezinje ngee-archaeocetos. Aba ngabokuqala ukuphuhlisa iimpawu ezibavumela ukuba baziqhelanise nobomi bamanzi.
- IiAmbulocytids: Yimikhomo yokuqala ekhoyo kule planethi. Banobude obungaphezulu kweemitha ezi-3 kwaye ubunzima babo bunokuba malunga ne-120 kg. Inembonakalo efanayo kwiingwenya nangona inemilenze emide. La malungu ayesebenza njengemiphetho yokuhambahamba. Ukutya kwabo kwakutya kakhulu.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nezilwanyana ze-Eocene.