Ixesha leTriassic

Ngexesha loku Mesozoic sinamaxesha aliqela apho oku kwahlulwe khona Ixesha lejoloji. Namhlanje siza kuthetha Triassic. Lulwahlulo lobungakanani bexesha lejoloji yala maxesha mathathu apho iMesozoic yahlulwe khona. Iqale malunga ne-251 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye yaphela malunga ne-199 yezigidi kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Le mihla yokuqalisa kunye neyokuphela ayichanekanga kodwa ibhalwe ngeziganeko ezibalulekileyo ezivela kwindawo yokuma komhlaba kunye nebhayoloji. Kule meko sifumana ukutshabalala kobunzima be- IPermianI-Triassic kunye ne-Triassic-Jurassic.

Kule nqaku siza kugxila ekuchazeni zonke iimpawu, ibhayoloji kunye nemozulu yeTriassic.

Iimpawu eziphambili

Eli xesha libonakala ngokubonakala kweedinosaurs zokuqala. Ezi zilwanyana zazimelwe ziifom zeebipedal, ukutya okutya ngokupheleleyo, kunye nesayizi encinci. Nangona kunjalo, Ekupheleni kwe-Triassic babesele befumene ukwahlukahlukana okukhulu Ewe babezizilwanyana ezinomqolo ezihamba phambili kwiplanethi yonke. Ukwandiswa kwee-dinosaurs kwafika ekuphelisweni kwamanye amaqela ezilwanyana zangaphambili ezifana nezona zininzi ze-archosaurs kunye nezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezininzi ezazisasazeka ngeli xesha.

I-geassia yeTriassic

Ngeli xesha phantse onke umhlaba weplanethi yethu wayegxile kwilizwekazi elinye elibizwa ngokuba yiPangea. Eli lizwekazi lalinohlobo C kwaye empuma yayiyiTethys Ocean kwaye yayijikeleze i-Panthalassa Ocean. Olu lwandle lubonwa njengolwandle jikelele kuba lwalugubungela iplanethi yonke.

Ngala maxesha, bezininzi iindawo zokuntywila kulwandle olunzulu ezazifakwe ngeli xesha kwaye zanyamalala ngokuthotyelwa kwamacwecwe olwandle ngokuhamba okubangelwe yimijelo yokuhanjiswa kwengubo yoMhlaba. Esi sizathu sokuba kungaziwa kangako malunga nolwandle oluvulekileyo okanye ngexesha le-Triassic.

Ilizwekazi lasePangea laqala ukushenxiswa kwalo ngeli xesha ngakumbi ngexesha lokugqibela kweTriassic. Kwaye lelithuba lixesha Yahlulwe yaziinyanga ezintathu ezaziwa ngokuba yiLower Triassic, Middle Triassic, kunye neUpper Triassic. Yile ndlela ilizwekazi eliphambili lahlulahlulwa ngayo nguLaurasia noGondwana. Inxalenye yokuqala iyaqonda ilizwekazi laseAsia liphela, eMntla Melika naseYurophu. Inxalenye yesibini ye-supercontinent yayiquka i-Afrika, i-Arabia, i-India, i-Australia, i-Antarctica kunye ne-South America.

I-supercontinent yayihamba kancinci kakhulu emantla ngexesha leTriassic. Yilapho i-supercontinent yaqala ukubonisa iimpawu zokuqala zokuqhekeka kwiindawo ezimbini eziphambili. Izidumbu zokuqala ezazinokufunyanwa ngaphandle kolwandle zabangelwa kukuqhekeka okungunobangela wokwahlulwa kokuqala kwe-supercontinent. Lo msantsa ngulo ubangele ukonakala kokuqala kwePangea kwaye wakwazi ukwahlula into esiyaziyo namhlanje njengeNew Jersey isuka eMorocco.

Ngeli xesha inqanaba lolwandle lenyuka kancinci nangona umthamo weendawo ezivelileyo wawusephezulu kakhulu. Kwaye ulwandle i-Tethys lwenza umsantsa obanzi owawuza kuba yindlela yokuhlasela elwandle.

Imozulu yeTriassic

Imozulu yeli xesha yayishushu kwaye yomile. La maqondo aphezulu obushushu ayengunobangela wemvelaphi kunye nokwandiswa kweentlango kunye ne-evaporites. Kuba iPangea ibinkulu kakhulu, ukumodareyitha kolwandle bekuncitshisiwe. Kwaye ulwandle lusebenza njengemodareyitha yamaqondo obushushu ehlabathi. Ke ngoko, kwimimandla esembindini sinokufumana utshintsho olukhulu ngequbuliso kubushushu kuba akukho kufutshane nolwandle olunokuthi lulawule ubushushu ngenxa yokusebenza kwemisinga yolwandle.

Imozulu yelizwekazi yayinamaxesha onyaka ngeli xesha kushushu kakhulu kwaye kubanda kakhulu ebusika. Kuba ulwandle belungena kusebenza njengomlawuli obushushu, bekukho amaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kuwo omabini amaxesha onyaka. Mhlawumbi iimonco ezinamandla zazikho kwindawo ye-Ecuador nangona kungekho bungqina bokuba ngumkhenkce kufutshane okanye kwenye yeepali. Ngapha koko, ngeli xesha imimandla yePolar ibonakala ifumile kwaye inemozulu epholileyo. Le mozulu yayifanelekile ekuphuhliseni zonke izidalwa ezinjengezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ezinegazi liyabanda.

Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana

Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, inqanaba lolwandle lenyuka kancinci ngexesha le-Lower Triassic. Ukuphela kweli xesha kwabakho ukuphela kwezinto ezininzi apho ii-conodonts kunye ne-placodonts ezirhubuluzayo zaphela. Koku kupheliswa I-20% yezilwanyana zaselwandle zanyamalala nangona onke la maqela anokuphinda afumaneke ngexesha leJurassic. Uninzi lwamaxhoba aphulukana nokufa ngenxa yokusasazeka kwee-dinosaurs yayiyizizukulwana zezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo kunye nezilwanyana ezinkulu eziphila emanzini.

Njengoko kulindelekile kwindalo, kukho izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezizezona zixhamlayo ekuphelisweni kolunye uhlobo, kuba zonke ezo zinto zinokuba zizidalwa zendalo. Ukuba azinazo izilwanyana ezizingelayo, abantu bazo banokukhula ngesantya esikhawulezayo. Aba baxhamli bokutshabalala emhlabeni baba ziidinosaurs ezanda ngokukhawuleza ubukhulu becala ngexesha leJurassic, kunye nolawulo lweendawo zokuhlala zomhlaba kulo lonke ixesha leMesozoic.

Izirhubuluzi kuphela ezinokusinda ekwandiseni iidinosaurs yayiziichthyosaurs kunye nee-plesiosaurs. Ubungqina benzululwazi bucebisa ukuba bekukho iikhosi ezininzi zokuphela ngexesha le-Triassic. Enye yayiqala ekuqaleni kwaye enye isiphelo. Ixesha lokutshabalala elwandle alicacanga ncam kwinzululwazi kodwa kukho oonobangela bokutshabalala kukaTriassic okungaziwa.

Esinye sezifundo eziphambili ezenziwa emantla ntshona eArizona ngo-2002 khange zibonise utshintsho ngesiquphe kwindalo okanye kumaqondo obushushu, ke kungenzeka ukuba unobangela wokupheliswa kwemozulu ubekelwe bucala. Ngala maxesha ama-conifers kunye namanye amaqela e-gymnosperms ngawona athabathe indawo yeentyatyambo zezityalo ngembewu eyayisasazekile yabakho kwiindawo ezihlala emazantsi ngeli xesha.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga nexesha leTriassic.