Kumaxesha amandulo kwakukho abantu ababengakholelwa kwindaleko okanye ekufumanekeni kwezinto ezithile. Ukulungisa into esele ikho kwaye into ekwakukholelwa ukuba iyinyani ayinakuguquka ngobusuku obutsha kuba umntu omtsha uthe kunjalo. Yile nto yenzekileyo UGiordano Bruno Ukuphikisana noluntu malunga nenyani yokuba uMhlaba wawungelilo iziko loMhlaba.
Kule nqaku, siza kuchaza okwenzekileyo kuGiordano Bruno nokuba zeziphi izinto awazenzayo.
Wayengubani uGiordano Bruno?
Imalunga nendoda eyanikela uninzi lobomi bayo kwifilosofi nakwithiyoloji. Wayenenkolo kakhulu kwaye wabhala nemibongo kunye nemidlalo. Wazalwa ngo-1548 eNola Napoles. Wagwetyelwa ukufa yi-Inquisition eNgcwele kuba wenza isenzo ngokuchasene necawa, esithi uMhlaba wawungelilo iziko loMhlaba.
Njengoko sisazi namhlanje, iplanethi yethu yeyaka ISistema Solar, yenziwe ngezinye iiplanethi eziyi-8 ezinemijikelezo yazo ejikeleze iLanga. Ngo-1548 kwakungekho buchwephesha bunjalo ukuze sazi indawo yethu kwindalo iphela. Njengabantu behlala bekhona, bonile ukuzingca kwaye, ewe, kule meko, sasikholelwa ekubeni sisembindini wayo yonke into. UGiordano Bruno wagwetyelwa ukufa kwaye, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, Upopu Clement VIII wamnika ithuba lokulahla iingcinga zakhe kwaye aguquke.
Ibali lithi uBruno akazange azilahle iinkolelo zakhe nangokutshisa esibondeni. Wayezinzile kwiinjongo zakhe kwada kwasekupheleni. Ngoku kunokugqitywa ekubeni umntu, ukufumanisa kwakhe kwaqhubela phambili ngexesha lakhe, wabulawa ngenkohlakalo ngokuzingca komntu kunye necawa.
Iingxaki zakhe seziqalile nini waba nesibindi sokufunda imibhalo engavumelekanga yesithandi sobulumko esingumDatshi uDesiderius Erasmus waseRotterdam. Oku kwenzeka ngonyaka we-1575 kwaye, ukusukela ngalo mzuzu, uBruno wabekwa kwindawo ebonakalayo. Esi yayisisiqalo seengxaki zakhe. Iinkolelo zakhe kwasebusaneni zazisisongelo ecaweni, kuba wayenendlela yakhe yokuqonda ezakwalizwi. Uluntu olunenkolo ngakumbi luye lwasokola xa usiva izinto ezazithethwa nguBruno malunga noMhlaba nangona wayengumntu okholwayo.
Iingxaki ebomini
Ngenxa yeenkolelo zakhe ezahlukeneyo kubudala bakhe (obuye bafunyanwa buyinyani), Kuthiwa uGiordano akazange amkelwe lunqulo. Wamiselwa njengombingeleli kwaye watyholwa ngokuba ngumqhekeki. Ngenxa yoku kwafuneka ayishiye i-Order kwaye agxothwe. Kamva waguqula waba nguCalvinism, nangona iingcamango zakhe ezinzulu zamkhokelela ekuvalelweni ngokukhawuleza.
U-Bruno akazange atshutshiswe kuphela yi-Inquisition ngenxa yokuba eneenjongo okanye iinkolelo ezingavumelani nenkolo, kodwa iingqondi ezahlukeneyo zahlaselwa ngenkohlakalo ngabo bazama ukushumayela ilizwi likaThixo nokuzisa uxolo emhlabeni.
Kubo bonke ubomi bakhe, kuphela Wayonwabe ngokwenene kwaye wakwazi ukuba noxolo ngexesha awayeseLondon, eParis naseOxford. Kuphela apho wayekwazi ukuphucula ubuchule bakhe, efumana udumo njengombhali wemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yezenkolo.
Uye waqala nokubethelela ezinye zeembono zakhe malunga nesayensi kunye ithiyori yelanga kaNicolás Copernicus kunye neNkqubo yeSola. Ezi ngcamango zaziphantsi kwezisongelo eziqhubekayo ze-Inquisition kwaye yaxhaswa nguGalileo Galilei.
I-ideology ngaphambi kwexesha layo
Kwaye kukho abantu abaye bahambela phambili kakhulu kwixesha ababephila kulo. Unjingalwazi ovela kwiSebe leFizikiki kwiYunivesithi Yaseburhulumenteni yaseSao Paulo (UNESP) egama linguRodolfo Langhi uqinisekise ukuba uBruno uyazi kwaye uyayixhasa inyani yokuba iLanga yayiliziko leNdalo iphela. Ngaphezu koko, wayephuhlise iithiyori ezahlukeneyo ngokusekwe koko wayekufundile. Uqinisekisile ukuba uMhlaba awunasiphelo kwaye awunalo iziko elinye njengoko sisazi. Oko kukuthi, bekukho umhlaba omiweyo njengomhlaba kwaye iqela ngalinye leeplanethi lijikeleze iziko lalo.
U-Bruno wayesele ecinga ngonyaka we-1575 ukuba kwindalo iphela zazininzi ezinye iiplanethi ezinje ngomhlaba kunye nezinye iinkwenkwezi ezinkulu ezifana neLanga. Saturn Ukujikeleza iLanga. Kamva, emva kokufunyanwa kwe Uranus, Neptune y Pluto ngo-1871m 1846 no-1930, ngokulandelelana, kwaboniswa ukuba wayengaphazami.
Ingxaki uBruno awayenayo eluntwini kukuba wayengazisekeli iinkolelo zakhe kwidatha yesayensi nakubungqina. Ngokuchasene noko, wayecinga ngeenkolelo zonqulo kwaye yile nto yayimnika iingxaki ngakumbi nangakumbi de abe kwi-crosshairs ye-Inquisition. Emva kokutyholwa ngokuba ngumqhekeki, kwafuneka emke eParis ngo-1586. Wabhala amanqaku amaninzi apho Wathuka amagosa eCawa kunye namalungu ukuze aqinisekise izimvo zakhe.
Emva kokushiya iParis waya eJamani apho wazimela khona ngamaLuthere. Baye bamgxotha apho ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ukuphela kukaGiordano Bruno
Impazamo enkulu ebomini bakhe ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo yayikukubuyela e-Italiya emva kweminyaka eli-15 bemkile. Kwaye ke wangcatshwa yindwalutho uGiovanni Mocenigo owathi, phantsi kwesizathu sokuba uBruno abe ngutitshala wakhe, Ummemele endlwini yakhe kwaye kulapho wamnikezela khona kwiNkundla yamaRoma yokuNcina amakholwa.
Xa wayenetyala elihambelanayo, wakubeka ecaleni ukuzikhukhumeza kunye nokuzikhukhumeza awayenayo yonke le minyaka kwaye wayiphatha kakuhle ijaji. Nangona kunjalo, kwakushiywe lixesha ukuba ubuyele umva amanyathelo ambalwa. Isigwebo yayikukuba watshiswa esidlangalaleni esibondeni ezandleni zeNkundla Yokuncina Amakholwa. Nangona ebanga ukuba ushumayela Babengengabo abenkolo, kodwa ifilosofi, wafela esibondeni, watshiswa ngonyaka we-1600.
Njengoko ubona, abasasazi benyani bokwenyani babulawa ngenkohlakalo kwimbali yeCawe. Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi ngobomi bukaGiordano Bruno.