Namhlanje sibuyela kwi-astronomy. Emva kokuhlalutya iimpawu zethu inkqubo yelangaSiqale ngokuchaza zonke iiplanethi nganye nganye. Sikubonile oko Mercury yayiyiplanethi ekufutshane nelanga, Umbhali eyona inkulu kwinkqubo yelanga kunye Marte inokugcina ubomi. Namhlanje siza kugxila kwi IPlanethi yeSaturn. Enye yeeplanethi ezimbini ezinkulu kunye neyaziwayo kwindandatho ye-asteroid. Yiplanethi enokuthi ijongwe ngokulula eMhlabeni.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi zonke iimfihlelo zikaSaturn? Funda kwaye ufumane.
Iimpawu eziphambili
ISaturn yiplanethi ethile. Kwizazinzulu kuthathwa njengenye yeeplanethi ezinomdla kakhulu ukwazi ngenkqubo yonke yelanga. Iqaqambisa ukuba inayo Ubuninzi baphantsi kakhulu kunamanzi kwaye yenziwe ngokupheleleyo nge-hydrogen, ene-helium encinci kunye ne-methane.
Ikwinqanaba leerhasi ezinkulu kwaye inombala owahlukileyo owenza ukuba ibonakale kwabanye. Inombala otyheli kwaye ngaphakathi kuyo amaqela amancinci eminye imibala adityanisiwe. Uninzi luyayiphambanisa neJupiter kodwa azihambelani kwaphela. Bahluke ngokucacileyo ngomsesane. Oososayensi bacinga ukuba amakhonkco abo enziwe ngamanzi, kodwa aqinile njenge-icebergs, iintaba zomkhenkce okanye ezinye zebhola ekhephu zidityaniswe nohlobo oluthile lothuli lweekhemikhali.
Kwangowe-1610 kwabakho umoya ojikeleze iplanethi iSaturn enkosi kuGalileo kunye neteleskopu. Ekufumaneni oko kwafundwa ukuba imimoya ejikelezayo yenza njalo ngesantya esingenakubalwa sokuba zikhawuleza kangakanani. Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke le nto kwaye iyothusa kwabo bayaziyo, kukuba yenzeka kuphela kwiikhweyitha zeplanethi.
Injani ingaphakathi kunye nomoya weSaturn?
Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplanethi kwinkqubo yelanga, ubuninzi beSaturn bungaphantsi kunamanzi kwiplanethi yethu. Isakhiwo siqulathe ngokupheleleyo hydrogen. Embindini weplanethi ubukho bezinto ezisisiseko zayo bunokuqinisekiswa. Imalunga nezinto ezinobunzima ezakha izakhiwo eziqinileyo eziqulathwe yiplanethi njengoko isenza njalo ukuba iqela elincinci lamatye lihlelwe ngokwamaqela. La matye banokufikelela kumaqondo obushushu amalunga ne-15.000 degrees.
Kunye neJupiter kuthathelwa ingqalelo kungekuphela kweeplanethi ezimbini ezikuluzonke kwinkqubo yelanga, kodwa kunye nezona zishushu.
Ngokubhekisele kwiatmosfera, yenziwe ngehydrogen. Kukho ezinye izinto ezenziweyo kwaye kuyimfuneko ukwazi kangangoko kunokwenzeka zonke izinto ezinokubakho ukuze wazi iimpawu ezinokubakho kwiplanethi iphela.
Ezinye izinto zineedosi ezincinci. Imalunga ne-methane kunye ne-ammonia. Kukho nezinye izixa ezahlukeneyo zeegesi ezingenelela ngokudibeneyo kunye nezinto eziphambili ezifana ne-ethanol, i-acetylene kunye ne-phosphine. Ezi iirhasi kuphela eziye zafundwa ngoososayensi, nangona kusaziwa ukuba ayisiyiyo kuphela ingqokelela.
Iiringi zikaSaturn zinwenwela kumhlaba wekhweyitha ukusuka kwi-6630 km ukuya kwi-120 yeekhilomitha ngaphezulu kweikhweyitha yeSaturn kwaye zenziwe ngamasuntswana anamanzi amaninzi e-ice. Ubungakanani beesuntswana nganye bususela kumasuntswana othuli obuncinci ukuya ematyeni ngobukhulu beemitha ezimbalwa. I-albedo ephezulu yamakhonkco ibonisa ukuba yeyangoku kwimbali yesixokelelwano selanga.
Iinyanga kunye neesathelayithi
Phakathi kwazo zonke ezi zinto zinomdla ezenza ukuba iSaturn ibe yiplanethi enomdla kangaka ukuba siyazi, kufuneka sibonise iisathelayithi ezakhiwe ngazo. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-18 satellites ziye zamkelwa zaza zathiywa ziingcali zefizikiki kwicandelo. Oku kunika iplanethi ukubaluleka kunye nokuguquguquka kuyo. Ukubazi ngcono, siza kuthiya ezinye zazo.
Ezona zaziwa kakhulu zezi oko kubizwa ngokuba yiHyperion kunye neIapetus, ezakhiwe ngokupheleleyo ngamanzi ngaphakathi kuzo kodwa zomelele kangangokuba zithathwa ngokuba ngumkhenkce ngokusisiseko okanye ngohlobo lomkhenkce ngokulandelelana.
ISaturn ineesathelayithi ezingaphakathi nangaphandle. Phakathi kwabafundi abangaphakathi zezona zibaluleke kakhulu ekujikelezeni kwazo okubizwa ngokuba yititan. Ngenye yeenyanga ezinkulu zikaSaturn, nangona ingenakubonwa ngokulula njengoko ingqongwe yinkungu eshinyeneyo yeorenji. I-Titan yenye yeenyanga eziyinyani yenitrogen.
Ingaphakathi lale nyanga lenziwe amatye e-carbon hydroxide, imethane phakathi kwezinye izinto zeekhemikhali ezifanayo neplanethi ngokubanzi njengoko injalo. Ubungakanani buhlala bufana kwaye ubukhulu becala banokuthi, nkqu ngobukhulu obufanayo.
Ukuqwalaselwa okuvela eMhlabeni
Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, yiplanethi enokubonwa ngokulula kwiplanethi yethu. Ingabonakala esibhakabhakeni ixesha elininzi kunye naluphi na uhlobo lweteleskopu yokuthandwayo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwakho kulungile xa isijikelezi-langa sisondele okanye sichasene, oko kukuthi, indawo ekuyo iplanethi xa ikwi-180 °, ke ibonakala ngathi ijongene nelanga esibhakabhakeni.
Ingabonakala ngokugqibeleleyo esibhakabhakeni ebusuku njengendawo yokukhanya engacimiyo. Iqaqambile kwaye imthubi kwaye Kuthatha malunga neminyaka engama-29 enesiqingatha ukugqiba inguqulelo epheleleyo kuguqulelo lwendlela yayo ngokubhekisele kwiinkwenkwezi zangasemva zezodiac. Kulabo bafuna ukwahlula amakhonkco eSaturn, baya kufuna iteleskopu engama-20x ubuncinci ukuze ibonakale ngokucacileyo.
Ngokubona kwabo emajukujukwini, iziphekepheke ezintathu zaseMelika zihambile ukuya kubona umphandle nomoya weSaturn. Iinqanawa zabizwa Ubuvulindlela 11 kunye neVoyager 1 kunye 2. Ezi zixhobo zomoya zabhabha ngaphezulu kweplanethi ngo-1979, 1980 no-1981, ngokulandelelana. Ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo nolusemgangathweni, baphatha izixhobo zokuhlalutya ubungqongqo kunye nokuqaqanjelwa kwemitha kwimitha ebonakalayo kumaza obukrelekrele, kwi-infrared nakwisikhululo sikanomathotholo.
Baye baxhotyiswa ngezixhobo zokufunda ngemagnethi kunye nokufumanisa amasuntswana ahlawulisiweyo kunye neenkozo zothuli.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi uza kuyazi ngcono iSaturn yeplanethi.