"Iplanethi" iPluto

Pluto, iplanethi ekhohliweyo engasekho iplanethi. Kwiphepha lethu ISistema Solar Kwakukho iiplanethi ezisithoba ngaphambili kude kube yinto eyayiyiyo okanye eyayingeyiyo iplanethi echazwe ngokutsha kwaye uPluto kwafuneka aphume kwindibaniselwano yeeplanethi. Emva kweminyaka engama-75 kudidi lweplanethi, ngo-2006 yathathelwa ingqalelo njengePlanethi yoMhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, ukubaluleka kwesijikelezi-langa kukhulu kakhulu, kuba izidalwa zasezulwini ezidlula kumjikelo wazo zibizwa ngokuba ziiPlutoid.

Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimfihlelo kunye neempawu ze iplanethi encinci. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Funda ukuze ufunde ngakumbi.

Iimpawu zikaPluto

Lo mhlaba mncinci ujikeleze iLanga qho emva kweminyaka engama-247,7 kwaye esenza njalo ngokuhamba umgama ophakathi we-5.900 yezigidi zeekhilomitha. Ubunzima bukaPluto bulingana namaxesha e-0,0021 e-Earth okanye isinye kwisihlanu sobunzima benyanga yethu. Oku kuyenza incinci kakhulu ukuba ingaqwalaselwa njengeplanethi.

Kuyinyani ukuba iminyaka engama-75 ibe yiplanethi yi-International Astronomical Union. Ngo-1930 kwathiwa igama ngothixo wamaRoma welizwe lemimoya.

Enkosi ekufumaneni le planethi, izinto ezinkulu kamva ezifunyenweyo ezinjengeKuiper Belt zenziwe. Ithathwa njengeyona planethi inkulu imfutshane nasemva kwakhe uEris. Yenziwe ikakhulu zezinye iintlobo zomkhenkce. Sifumana umkhenkce owenziwe ngemethane engumkhenkce, enye ngamanzi, kunye nolunye lwamatye.

Ulwazi malunga nePluto luthintelwe kakhulu ukusukela oko i-teknoloji ukusukela nge-1930 ibingakhange ihambele phambili kakhulu ekuboneleleni ngokufumana okukhulu komzimba kude kube ngoku eMhlabeni. Kude kube lelo xesha yayikukuphela kweplanethi eyayingazange ityelelwe sisiphekepheke.

NgoJulayi ka-2015, enkosi kwimishini yendawo entsha eyashiya iplanethi yethu ngo-2006, yakwazi ukufikelela kwiplanethi encinci, ifumana ulwazi oluninzi. Ulwazi luthathe unyaka ukufikelela kwiplanethi yethu.

Ulwazi malunga neplanethi encinci

Enkosi ngokwanda kunye nophuhliso lwetekhnoloji, iziphumo ezintle kunye nolwazi malunga nePluto ziyafumaneka. I-orbit yayo yahluke ngokupheleleyo kunxibelelwano lwayo olujikelezayo kunye nesathelayithi, i-axis yokujikeleza, kunye nokwahluka kubungakanani bokukhanya okufikelela kuko. Zonke ezi zinto zixabisekileyo zenza ukuba iplanethi enomtsalane ibe nomtsalane kuluntu lwenzululwazi.

Kwaye kukude ukusuka eLangeni kunayo yonke iplanethi eyenza inkqubo yelanga. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ye-eccentricity ye-orbit, ikufutshane kuneNeptune iminyaka engama-20 yokuhamba kwayo. NgoJanuwari 1979 UPluto wacanda umjikelezo weNeptune kwaye wahlala kufutshane nelanga kude kube ngoMatshi 1999. Esi siganeko asisayi kuphinda senzeke kude kube ngoSeptemba 2226. Nangona enye iplanethi ingena kumjikelezo wenye, akunakwenzeka ukuba idibane. Kungenxa yokuba i-orbit ye-17,2 degrees ngokubhekisele kwinqwelomoya ye-Ecliptic. Ndiyabulela koku, indlela ye-orbit ithetha ukuba iiplanethi azifumaneki.

UPluto uneenyanga ezintlanu. Nangona bubungakanani obuncinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nomhlaba wethu, ziinyanga ezi-4 ngaphezulu kunathi. Eyona nyanga inkulu ibizwa ngokuba yiCharon kwaye iphantse yalingana nesiqingatha sobukhulu bePluto.

Umoya kunye nokwakheka

Umoya kaPluto ngama-98% enitrogen, imethane kunye neminye imikhondo yekhabhon monoksayidi. Ezi gesi zinika uxinzelelo kumphezulu womhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-100.000 buthathaka kunoxinzelelo emhlabeni kulwandle.

Imethane eqinileyo ikwafumaneka, ke ngoko kuqikelelwa ukuba amaqondo obushushu kulo mhlaba mncinci zingaphantsi kwama-70 degrees uKelvin. Ngenxa yohlobo olukhethekileyo lwe-orbit, amaqondo obushushu anoluhlu olukhulu ngokwahluka kwawo. UPluto angaya kwiLanga ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyunithi ezingama-30 ze-Astronomical kwaye ahambe kude kube ngama-50. Njengokuba lisuka eLangeni, umoya ocekeceke ubonakala kwiplanethi ebandayo kwaye iwele phezu komhlaba.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye iiplanethi ezinje Saturn y Umbhali, IPluto inamatye kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nezinye iiplanethi. Emva kophononongo olwenziweyo, kuye kwagqitywa kwelokuba, ngenxa yamaqondo obushushu asezantsi, uninzi lwamatye kule planethi yomhlaba ixutywe ngumkhenkce. Umkhenkce onemvelaphi eyahlukileyo njengoko sibonile ngaphambili. Ezinye zixutywe nemethane, ezinye ngamanzi, njl.

Oku kungathathelwa ingqalelo kunikwe uhlobo lwendibaniselwano yemichiza eyenzeka kubushushu obuphantsi kunye noxinzelelo ngexesha lokwenziwa kweplanethi. Ezinye izazinzulu ziye zenjenjalo ithiyori yokuba uPluto ngenene yisathelayithi elahlekileyo yeNeptune. Kungenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba le planethi yomhlaba yaphoswa kumjikelezo owahlukileyo ngexesha lokusekwa kweSolar System. Ke ngoko, iCharon iyakwenziwa ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwezinto ezilula ngenxa yengozi.

Ujikeleziso lwePluto

UPluto uthatha iintsuku ezingama-6384 ukuzijikeleza. kuba iyenza ngendlela ehambelanayo kunye nokuhamba kwesathelayithi yayo. Ngenxa yoku, uPluto kunye noCharon bahlala bebuso obufanayo omnye komnye. I-axis yokujikeleza komhlaba ngama-23 degrees. Kwelinye icala, le planetoid zii-122 degrees. Iipali ziphantse zalapho zijikeleza khona.

Xa yafunyanwa okokuqala, ukukhanya okuvela kwipali yayo esemazantsi kwabonwa. Njengoko umbono wethu wePluto utshintshile, iplanethi yabonakala ngathi iyaphela. Okwangoku sinokubona i-ikhweyitha yesi sijikelezi-langa esisemhlabeni.

Phakathi kowe-1985 nowe-1990, iplanethi yethu yayilungelelaniswe nomgaqo weCharon. Ngesi sizathu, umnyama wosuku ngalunye lwePluto unokujongwa. Ndiyabulela kule nto, ulwazi oluninzi malunga ne-albedo yeplanethi yemifuno inokuqokelelwa. Siyakhumbula ukuba i-albedo yeyona nto ichaza ukubonakaliswa kweplanethi yemitha yelanga.

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi ungazi ngcono iplanethi encinci yePluto kunye nomnqweno wayo.