Ukuba iiplanethi zesixokelelwano selanga zijikeleza inkwenkwezi esembindini ebizwa ngokuba liLanga kwakungaziwa ngokuchanekileyo. Kwakukho ithiyori yokuba uMhlaba liziko leNdalo iphela kwaye ezinye iiplanethi zajikeleza kuwo. Ithiyori yelanga Le sizakuthetha ngayo namhlanje yile apho iLanga liziko lendalo yonke kwaye liyinkwenkwezi emiselweyo.
Ngubani ophuhlise ithiyoriyathiyori kwaye isekwe phi? Kule nqaku uza kuba nakho ukwazi nzulu isiseko sayo sesayensi. Ngaba ungathanda ukumazi kakuhle? Kufuneka uqhubeke ufunda 🙂
Iimpawu zethiyoriyitha yelanga
Ngexesha le-XNUMX kunye nele-XNUMX leminyaka kwabakho inguquko kwisayensi eyayifuna ukuphendula yonke loo mibuzo malunga noMmandla. Kwakulixesha apho ukufunda kunye nokufunyanwa kweemodeli ezintsha kwakusisiseko. Iimodeli zenzelwe ukuba zikwazi ukucacisa ukusebenza kweplanethi ngokubhekisele kwi-Universe iphela.
Enkosi ku ifiziksi, imathematika, ibhayoloji, ikhemistri kunye neenkwenkwezi ekuye kwenzeka ukuba ukwazi okungako malunga noMhlaba. Xa sithetha nge-astronomy, isazinzulu esivelele NguNicolaus Copernicus. WayenguMdali wethiyori yelanga. Uyenzile ngokusekwe kukujonga okuqhubekayo kokuhamba kweeplanethi. Yayisekwe kwiimpawu ezithile zembono yangaphambili ye-geocentric ukuyiphikisa.
UCopernicus wavelisa imodeli echaza ukusebenza kwendalo iphela. Ucebise ukuba intshukumo yeeplanethi kunye neenkwenkwezi zilandele indlela efana nepateni ngaphezulu kwenkwenkwezi enkulu. Ukuphikisa ithiyori yangaphambili ye-geocentric, wasebenzisa iingxaki zezibalo kwaye wabeka iziseko ze-astronomy yanamhlanje.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uCopernicus wayengenguye usosayensi wokuqala ukuphakamisa imodeli yelanga apho iiplanethi zajikeleza iLanga. Nangona kunjalo, enkosi kwisiseko senzululwazi kunye nomboniso, yayiyinoveli kunye nethiyori efike ngexesha.
Ithiyori ethi izame ukubonisa utshintsho kumbono wobungakanani obunjalo ichaphazela abantu. Kwelinye icala, kwakubakho amaxesha apho izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zazithetha ngokusombulula iingxaki zezibalo ukuze zingashiyi i-geocentrism ecaleni. Kodwa abanakukhanyela ukuba imodeli enegalelo nguCopernicus yanikezela umbono opheleleyo kunye neenkcukacha ngokusebenza kweNdalo iphela.
Imigaqo ngokubanzi yethiyori
Ithiyori yelanga isekwe kwimigaqo ethile yokuchaza konke ukusebenza. Le migaqo yile:
- Imizimba yasezulwini azijikelezi kwinqanaba elinye.
- Iziko loMhlaba liziko lendawo yenyanga (ukujikeleza kwenyanga ujikeleze uMhlaba)
- Zonke iinkalo zijikeleza iLanga, elikufuphi kumbindi wendalo.
- Umgama phakathi koMhlaba neLanga sisiqwengana somgama osuka kuMhlaba kunye neLanga ukuya ezinkwenkwezini, ngoko ke akukho parallax ibonwa ezinkwenkwezini.
- Iinkwenkwezi azishukumi, intshukumo yayo ebonakalayo yemihla ngemihla ibangelwa kukujikeleza kweMihla ngemihla komhlaba.
- Umhlaba uhamba kwindawo ejikeleze iLanga, kubangele ukufuduka kwelanga okubonakalayo ngonyaka.Umhlaba unentshukumo engaphezulu kwesinye.
- Ukuhamba kwe-Orbital yoMhlaba ojikeleze iLanga kubangela ukubuyela umva kwicala lokuhamba kweeplanethi.
Ukucacisa utshintsho kwimbonakalo yeMercury kunye neVenus, zonke iindlela zendlela nganye zazibekwa. Xa enye yazo ikwicala elikude lee neLanga ngokunxulumene noMhlaba, ibonakala incinci. Nangona kunjalo, banokubonakala ngokupheleleyo. Kwelinye icala, xa bekwicala elinye leLanga njengoMhlaba, ubungakanani babo bubonakala bukhulu kwaye imilo yabo iba sisiqingatha senyanga.
Le ithiyori ichaza ngokugqibeleleyo ukushukuma kwakhona kweeplanethi ezinje ngeMars neJupiter. Kubonakaliswe ngokupheleleyo ukuba izazi ngeenkwenkwezi ezisemhlabeni azinaso isakhelo esisigxina. Ngokuchasene noko, uMhlaba uhamba rhoqo.
Umahluko phakathi kwe-heliocentric kunye ne-geocentric theory
Le modeli intsha yayiyinguqulelo kwisayensi. Imodeli yangaphambili, i-geocentric, yayisekwe kwinto yokuba uMhlaba wawusembindini we-Universe kwaye ujikelezwe liLanga kunye nazo zonke iiplanethi. Le modeli yehliswa yaziindidi ezimbini zokuqwalaselwa okuqhelekileyo nokucacileyo. Into yokuqala kukubona iinkwenkwezi kunye neLanga. Kulula ukujonga isibhakabhaka kwaye ubone ukuba, imini yonke, zihamba esibhakabhakeni. Ngale ndlela, inika imvakalelo yokuba nguMhlaba ozinzileyo kunye nayo yonke imizimba yasezulwini ehambayo.
Okwesibini, sifumana umbono wombonisi. Ayikhange ibonakale kuphela njengeminye imizimba ishukuma esibhakabhakeni, kodwa noMhlaba Andiziva ngathi ndihamba. Bahamba ngomkhumbi kwaye behamba bengava kushukuma.
Ngexesha le XNUMXth century BC umhlaba wawucingelwa ukuba ucabalele. Nangona kunjalo, ezi modeli zika-Aristotle zibandakanya into yokuba iplanethi yethu yayingqukuva. Kuze kube ngokufika kuka isazi ngeenkwenkwezi uClaudius Ptolemy ukuba iinkcukacha ngobume beeplanethi kunye nelanga zazimisiwe. UPtolemy wathi uMhlaba wawukumbindi weNdalo iphela kwaye zonke iinkwenkwezi zikumgama othobekileyo ukusuka embindini wawo.
Ukoyika kukaCopernicus ukubanjwa yiCawa yamaKatolika kwamenza walubamba uphando lwakhe kwaye akazange alupapashe de kwasekufeni kwakhe. Kungelo xesha xa wayezokufa xa wayepapasha ngonyaka we-1542.
Ingcaciso yokuziphatha kweeplanethi
Ithiyori yeGeocentric
Iplanethi nganye kule nkqubo icwangciswe yile nkwenkwezi ishukunyiswa yinkqubo yamacandelo amabini. Enye iyahluka kwaye enye i-epicycle. Oku kuthetha ukuba okuchaseneyo sisangqa esineendawo ezisuswe emhlabeni. Oku kwasetyenziselwa ukucacisa umahluko phakathi kwexesha ngalinye lonyaka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-epicycle ifakwe kwi-sphere ehlukileyo kwaye isebenza ngokungathi luhlobo lwevili ngaphakathi kwelinye ivili.
Isithuthuthu sisetyenziselwa ukucacisa intshukumo yokubuyisela ngokutsha iiplanethi esibhakabhakeni. Oku kunokubonwa njengokuba bethoba isantya kwaye bebuyela umva ukubuyela kancinci kancinci kwakhona.
Nangona le ngcamango ingachazanga zonke iindlela zokuziphatha eziqwalaselwe kwiiplanethi, yayikukufumanisa ukuba kude kube namhlanje kuye kwanceda izazinzulu ezininzi njengesiseko sophando lwe-Universe.