Inkqubo yelanga ubukhulu obukhulu kwaye besingenako ukuhamba konke kubomi esinabo. Ayisiyiyo kuphela inkqubo yelanga kwindalo iphela, kodwa kukho izigidi zeminyele efana neyethu. Inkqubo yelanga yeyomnyele eyaziwa ngokuba yiMilky Way. Yenziwe liLanga kunye neeplanethi ezisithoba kunye neesathelayithi zazo. Kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo kwagqitywa ekubeni uPluto wayengeyonxalenye yeeplanethi kuba yayingadibani nenkcazo yesijikelezi-langa.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi inkqubo yelanga ngokunzulu? Kule posi siza kuthetha ngeempawu, yintoni eyenzileyo kunye nezinto zayo eziguqukayo. Ukuba ufuna ukufunda ngayo, qhubeka ufunda 🙂
Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yelanga
Como UPluto akasathathelwa ingqalelo njengeplanethi, inkqubo yelanga yenziwe liLanga, iiplanethi ezisibhozo, isicwangciso seplanethi kunye neesathelayithi zayo. Ayisiyiyo le mizimba kuphela, kodwa ikwakhona ii-asteroids, ii-comets, ii-meteorites, uthuli kunye negesi yangaphakathi.
Kude kwango-1980 bekucingelwa ukuba isijikelezi-langa sethu yiso kuphela sikho. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iinkwenkwezi zifunyanwa zisondele kwaye zijikelezwe yimvulophu yezinto ezijikelezayo. Ezi zinto zinobungakanani obungapheliyo kwaye zikhatshwa zezinye izinto zezulu ezifana namdaka omdaka okanye omdaka omnyama. Ngale nto, oososayensi bacinga ukuba kufuneka kubekho iinkqubo ezininzi zelanga kunye nendalo yethu.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphononongo oluninzi kunye nophando lukwazile ukufumana ezinye iiplanethi ezijikeleza uhlobo lwelanga. Ezi planethi zifunyenwe ngokungathanga ngqo. Oko kukuthi, phakathi kophando, iiplanethi zifunyenwe kwaye zafunyaniswa. Ukuncitshiswa kubonisa ukuba akukho planethi yabo ifunyenweyo inokubamba ubomi obunengqiqo. Ezi planethi zikude nenkqubo yethu yelanga zibizwa ngokuba zii-Exoplanets.
Inkqubo yethu yelanga ifumaneka emaphethelweni eMilky Way. Le galaxy yenziwe ngeengalo ezininzi kwaye sikwenye yazo. Ingalo apho sikhona ibizwa ngokuba yingalo yeOrion. Iziko leMilky Way li malunga neminyaka engama-30.000 yokukhanya kude. Izazinzulu zirhanela ukuba iziko lomnyele lwenziwa ngumngxunya omkhulu omnyama. Ibizwa ngokuba yiSagittarius A.
Iiplanethi zenkqubo yelanga
Ubungakanani beeplanethi buhluke kakhulu. Ijupita yodwa iqulethe ngaphezulu kokuphindwe kabini umba wazo zonke ezinye iiplanethi ezidibeneyo. Inkqubo yethu yelanga yavela kumtsalane wezinto zefu eziqulathe zonke izinto zeekhemikhali esizaziyo kwitafile yamaxesha. Umtsalane wawunamandla kangangokuba wawa kwaye zonke izinto zanda. Iiathom zeHydrogen zadityaniswa kwiiatom ze-helium ngokudityaniswa kwenyukliya. Yile ndlela iLanga elenziwe ngayo.
Okwangoku sifumana iiplanethi ezisibhozo kunye neLanga. IMercury, iVenus, iMars, uMhlaba, iJupiter, iSaturn, iUranus neNeptune. Iiplanethi zahlulwe zaziindidi ezimbini: ingaphakathi okanye umhlaba kunye nangaphandle okanye iJovian. IMercury, iVenus, iMars kunye noMhlaba zingumhlaba. Zezona zikufutshane kwiLanga kwaye zomelele. Kwelinye icala, ezinye zithathwa njengeeplanethi kude neLanga kwaye zithathwa njenge "Gaseous Giants".
Ngokumalunga nemeko yeeplanethi, kunokuthiwa zijikeleza kwindiza enye. Nangona kunjalo, iiplanethi ezimnyama zijikeleza kwii-engile ezijonge kakhulu. Inqwelomoya apho iplanethi yethu kunye nezinye iiplanethi zijikeleza zibizwa ngokuba yi-ecliptic plane. Ngapha koko, zonke iiplanethi zijikeleza kwicala elinye ujikeleze iLanga. Ii-comets ezinjengeeHalley's, zijikeleza kwelinye icala.
Singazazi ukuba zinjani ngenxa yesibonakude sasemajukujukwini, njengeHubble:
Iiplanethi zendalo kunye neeplanethi ezincinci
Iiplanethi zenkqubo yelanga zinesathelayithi ezifana nesijikelezi-langa sethu. Babizwa ngokuba "ziinyanga" ukuzimela ngendlela engcono. Iiplanethi ezineesathelayithi zendalo zezi: Umhlaba, uMars, uJupiter, uSaturn, u-Uranus noNeptune. IMercury neVenus azinazo iisathelayithi zendalo.
Zininzi iiplanethi ezinomda ezincinci ngobukhulu. Ngaba ICeres, uPluto, uEris, uMakemake kunye noHaumea. Isenokuba sisihlandlo sokuqala ukuba uve, kuba ezi planethi azibandakanywanga kwizilabhasi zeziko. Ezikolweni bajolise ekufundeni eyona nkqubo iphambili yelanga. Oko kukuthi, zonke ezo zinto zimelwe kakhulu. Ezona planethi zincinci zifuna ubuchwephesha obutsha kunye neekhamera zedijithali.
Imimandla ephambili
Inkqubo yelanga yahlulwe yangamacandelo ahlukeneyo apho imihlaba ikhoyo. Sifumana ummandla weLanga, lowo we-Asteroid Belt ophakathi kwe-Mars neJupiter (equlethe uninzi lwee-asteroids kwinkqubo yonke yelanga). Sikwanayo I-Kuiper Belt kunye ne-Disc esasazekileyo. Zonke izinto ezingaphaya kweNeptune zikhenkcezwe ngokupheleleyo ngamaqondo obushushu asezantsi. Ekugqibeleni sidibana ilifu lokubuyisa. Ilifu eliqikelelweyo le-comets kunye ne-asteroids efumaneka kumda wesixokelelwano selanga.
Ukususela ekuqaleni, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zahlulele inkqubo yelanga kubane:
- Eyokuqala yindawo engaphakathi apho kufumaneka khona iiplanethi ezinamatye.
- Emva koko sinendawo yangaphandle ehlala zonke iigesi ezinkulu.
- Okokugqibela, izinto ezingaphaya kweNeptune kwaye ezinqabileyo.
Umoya welanga
Kwizihlandlo ezininzi uvile ngeempazamo ezinokubakho ezibangelwa ngumoya welanga. Ngumlambo wamasuntswana ashiya iLanga ngokuqhubekekayo kwaye ngesantya esiphezulu. Ubume bayo zii-elektroni kunye neeproton kwaye zigubungela yonke inkqubo yelanga. Ngenxa yalo msebenzi, ilifu elimile nebubble lenza yonke into esendleleni. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-heliosphere. Ngaphandle kwendawo apho ifikelela khona kwi-heliosphere, ibizwa ngokuba yi-heliopause, kuba akukho moya welanga. Lo mmandla ziiYunithi zeenkwenkwezi ezili-100. Ukufumana umbono, iyunithi yeenkwenkwezi ngumgama osuka eMhlabeni uye eLangeni.
Njengoko ubona, inkqubo yethu yelanga ihlala kwiiplanethi ezininzi kunye nezinto eziyinxalenye yendalo yonke. Siyintwana nje yesanti esentlango enkulu.