Enye yeenkqubo zeentaba ezaziwa kakhulu kwihlabathi yi Iintaba zeAndes. Ifunyanwa eMzantsi Melika kwaye ithathwa njengeyona ntaba inde kunye neyesibini ephezulu emhlabeni emva kwe zeHimalaya. Imvelaphi yegama loluhlu lweentaba ayicacanga kuba kusenokwenzeka ukuba ivele ngamathuba amaninzi. Enye into enokwenzeka kukuba i-andes ivela kwilizwi olwaziyo Ukusuka kwisiQuechua ukuba kuthetha ntoni " Abanye bacinga ukuba ivela kwigama u-Antisuyo ongomnye wemimandla emi-4 yolawulo lweInca.
Kule nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu zoluhlu lweentaba zeAndes kunye nokubaluleka kwayo ngokuhambelana nezinto eziphilayo kunye nemithombo yendalo.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Uluhlu lweentaba oluhambelana nonxweme kwaye luhlala kwingingqi ene-seismic ephezulu kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo. Lo msetyenzana wenyikima kunye nentaba-mlilo sisizathu sokuba ungazinzi komhlaba kwaye uneencopho eziphakame kangako. Ime kwi I-Pacific Ring yoMlilo. Nangona oku kunokungazinzi, ngenxa yolwandiso olukhulu, ineyona ngxinano yeoksijini iphantsi ngenxa yokuphakama kwayo. Ngaphandle koku unayo Abantu bomthonyama abafunyenwe kuwo wonke lo mmandla abaye bahlengahlengisa kokubini isiqabu kunye nokuphakama.
Ubukhosi beInca ngomnye wabantu abadumileyo ababehlala kumhlaba weeAndes ngamaxesha angaphambi kweSpanishi. Isixeko sayo sodumo iMachu Picchu ibibekwe kule ndawo ngaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-2400 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle. Ubude bebonke beli ntaba bumalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-7.000. Kububanzi obuphakathi kwama-200 nama-700 eekhilomitha ububanzi, kuxhomekeke kwindawo esikuyo. Ukuphakama kweencopho ezinolu luhlu ziimitha ezingama-6962. Ukuphakama kwayo okuphezulu ngu I-Aconcagua.
Ukuze sifumane olu luhlu lweentaba kufuneka siye kwingingqi esentshona yoMzantsi Merika kwaye iqala ukusuka kunxweme lweCaribbean ukuya kwincam esemazantsi yelizwekazi. Iwela ilizwe elipheleleyo le-7 apho sineColombia, iVenezuela, i-Ecuador, iBolivia, iPeru, iChile neArgentina.
Iincopho eziphakamileyo
Iincopho eziphakamileyo kwiintaba zeAndes zifumaneka ePeru, eArgentina nase-Ecuador. Zonke ezinye iincopho ezisezantsi zifumaneka kumantla nakumazantsi aphezulu. Uluhlu lweentaba lwenziwe ziintaba ezininzi kunye neentaba-mlilo phakathi kwazo eyaziwa ngokuba yiAconcagua kunye nezinye ezifana nezi zilandelayo: INevado Ojos del Salado, Huascarán, Chimborazo, Nevado del Ruiz, Galeras kunye neBonete.
Ezinye zeentaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo esinazo kwiplanethi yethu zikolu luhlu lweentaba. Lilonke, inokubalwa ngathi ineentaba-mlilo ezimalunga ne-183. Obu bukho benyikima kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo kuthetha ukuba kukho imithombo yamanzi ashushu kunye nezinye idipozithi ezinomtsalane kwezoqoqosho.
Ulwahlulo lweentaba zeAndes
Lulonke uluhlu lweentaba lungohlulwa lube ngamacandelo apheleleyo. Eyokuqala ibibekwe kumantla ebandakanya indawo yeVenezuela neColombia. Inxalenye yesibini ithathwa njenge-Andes esembindini kwaye ihambelana nezixeko zaseBolivia, ePeru nase-Ecuador. Okokugqibela, sinenxalenye yesithathu yoluhlu lweentaba olubizwa ngokuba yi-Andes esemazantsi kwaye iyahambelana nezixeko zaseChile naseArgentina.
Eli candelo lisebenza ukuseka uhlobo lomda wendalo phakathi kwamazwe ahlukeneyo ahlala kunye nale ntaba. Ikwasebenza ukwahlula ezinye zeengingqi ngaphakathi kwamazwe ngokwawo. Nangona iintaba ubukhulu becala zikwindawo yetropiki kukho iincopho eziphakamileyo ngenxa yokuphakama kwazo zigutyungelwe likhephu uninzi lonyaka kwaye, ngenxa yoko, zihlala kwikhaya lomkhenkce.
La maqhekeza omkhenkce ngawona asongela ngokunyuka kwamanqanaba olwandle ngenxa yokufudumala komhlaba. Ininzi yale ntsimi ineemeko ezomileyo, ngakumbi kwingingqi esempuma. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uya entshona unokufumana ulawulo lwemvula oluninzi ngakumbi.
Inommandla ombhoxo ngenxa yokuqhubeka kwenyikima. Kwingingqi yeAndes sinokufumana amathafa aliqela kwindawo ephezulu kakhulu apho ezinye zeedolophu ezibaluleke kakhulu eMzantsi Melika ezinje ngeLa Paz, kunye neQuito neBogotá zikhona. Eli thafa liyindawo yesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni, liphuma phakathi kweBolivia nePeru kunye Ime kwindawo engaphezulu kweemitha ezingama-3.600 ngaphezulu komphakamo wolwandle.
Imvelaphi yoluhlu lweentaba zeAndes
Le golide ililayo ivela kwixesha lemfundo ephakamileyo Mesozoic. Zibekwe ngaphezulu kommandla osebenza ngokweteknoloji kwaye iinyikima kunye nokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo ziziganeko eziqhelekileyo. Ukuba nomsebenzi oqhubekayo wenyikima ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye uchaze kakhulu iincopho, olu luhlu lweentaba luthathwa ngokuba lulutsha ngokuma komhlaba.
Kucingelwa ukuba ukwakheka kwayo kwaqala emva kokuqhekeka kwePangea kwaye, ngexesha leedinosaurs, wonke loo mmandla wawunamachibi amakhulu okanye ulwandle olungaphakathi elizweni. Emva koqhekeko lwePangea, amacwecwe eteknoloji aye aqhubeka nokuhamba ebudeni bayo yonke iminyaka yexesha leJurassic de, ngexesha ICenozoic, Ipleyiti yeNazca kunye neAntarctic yahamba ngaphantsi kwepleyiti yoMzantsi Merika.
Oku kushenxiswa kwamacwecwe kubangelwe kukudala indawo yokuthimba kwaye iipleyiti zaqala ukungqubana. Oku kwabangela ukuba kusebenze amandla anyanzela uqweqwe kwaye ngenxa yoko kwabakho iinyikima zomhlaba ezinkulu ezabangela ukuba isinqe sinyuse kwaye sisonge, senza imiphetho esele ibe ziintaba. Ezi ntaba kwaye bezikhula kule minyaka iyi-100 yezigidi idlulileyo, ngakumbi ngomsebenzi omkhulu ngexesha leCretaceous and Tertiary.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Njengoko inommandla omkhulu, kukho iindidi ezininzi zemozulu kunye neendawo ezihlala kuzo. Ukuba nazo zonke ezi zimo zezulu kukho isixa esikhulu seentlobo-ntlobo zezityalo nezilwanyana. Kukho abantu abazizityebi apho kuhlala khona izidalwa ezimbalwa eziphilayo, kodwa amanye amawaka eziintlobo zezilwanyana ahlala kunye.
Phakathi kwezona zilwanyana zibalaseleyo sifumana amasele amakhulu avela eLake Titicaca, i-Andean cock-of-the-rock, i-llamas, i-pumas, i-hummingbirds kunye ne-opossum, phakathi kwabanye. Ngokubhekisele kwizityalo, amahlathi awomileyo kunye namahlathi akweleenjiko ayabonakala. Utyani bunqabile ngandlela ithile phambi kwengca.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga nentaba yeAndes.