Kule planethi kukho iindawo apho ingozi ixhaphake ngakumbi kunabanye kwaye, ke ngoko, le mimandla ifumana amagama ahlabayo onokucinga ukuba abhekisa kwinto eyingozi ngakumbi. Kule meko siza kuthetha ngayo Umsesane wePacific womlilo. Abanye bayayazi njengendandatho yomlilo yePacific kunye nabanye njengebhanti le-circum-Pacific. La magama onke abhekisa kwingingqi ejikeleze olu lwandle kwaye apho kukho zombini inyikima ephezulu kakhulu kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela ukuba yintoni iringi yePacific yomlilo, ziimpawu ezinjani kunye nokubaluleka kwazo kwizifundo nakulwazi lomhlaba.
Yintoni iBelt Pacific Belt of Fire
Kule ndawo inobume behashe hayi isangqa, izixa ezikhulu zomsebenzi wenyikima kunye nentaba-mlilo ziyarekhodwa. Oku kwenza ukuba le ndawo ibe yingozi ngakumbi ngenxa yeentlekele ezinokubangelwa. Eli bhanti Isolula ngaphezulu kweekhilomitha ezingama-40.000 ukusuka eNew Zealand ukuya kuthi ga kunxweme olusentshona eMzantsi Merika. Ikwawela wonke ummandla wonxweme lwe-Mpuma ye-Asia kunye neAlaska kwaye idlule kumantla mpuma eMntla Melika nakuMbindi Merika.
Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kwi Amacwecwe eTectonic, eli bhanti liphawula imiphetho ekhoyo kwipleyiti yePasifiki kunye namanye amacwecwe etektoni amancinci enza into ebizwa ngokuba yi Uqweqwe lomhlaba. Ukuba yindawo enenyikima ephezulu kunye nomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo, ichazwa njengengozi.
Yayilwa njani?
Isangqa somlilo sePasifiki senziwa kukuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Amacwecwe awalungiswanga, kodwa ahamba ngokuqhubekayo. Oku kungenxa yemisinga ye-convection ekhoyo kwingubo yoMhlaba. Umahluko kubuninzi beemathiriyeli ubangela ukuba zihambe kwaye zikhokelele ekuhambeni kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. Ke, ukufuduswa kweesentimitha ezimbalwa ngonyaka kufezekisiwe. Asiyiqapheli kumgangatho womntu, kodwa iyabonisa ukuba siyavavanya Ixesha lejoloji.
Ngaphezulu kwesigidi seminyaka, ukuhamba kwala macwecwe kuye kwabangela ukuyilwa komsesane wePacific womlilo. Amacwecwe e-tectonic awamanyananga ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukho umsantsa phakathi kwawo. Zihlala zi malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-80 ubukhulu kwaye zihamba ngomsinga okhankanyiweyo okhankanyiweyo engubeni.
Njengoko la macwecwe esihamba, athambekele ekubeni zombini zohlukane kwaye zingqubane enye kwenye. Kuxhomekeke kubuninzi bayo nganye, enye inokuntywila ngaphezulu kwenye. Umzekelo, iipleyiti zolwandlekazi zinexinano ephezulu kunelizwekazi. Ke ngoko, zezi, xa zombini iipleyiti zingqubana, zehlise phambi kwelinye. Oku kuhamba kunye nokungqubana kwamacwecwe kuvelisa umsebenzi omkhulu wejoloji kwimiphetho yamacwecwe. Ke ngoko, ezi ndawo zithathwa njengezisebenza ngokukodwa.
Imida yeplate esiyifumanayo:
- Imida yokuguqula. Kule mida kulapho iipleyiti zeetekoni zidibana khona. Oku kunokubangela ukuba isitya esisindayo singqubane nesikhanyayo. Ngale ndlela, into eyaziwa ngokuba yindawo yokuthimba yenziwe. Enye ipleyiti ihambisa ngaphaya kwenye. Kwezi ndawo apho oku kusenzeka khona, kukho isixa esikhulu sentaba-mlilo kuba olu thanjiso lubangela ukuba umgqakhwe unyuke uqweqwe. Ngokucacileyo, oku akwenzeki ngomzuzwana. Yinkqubo ethatha amawaka ezigidi eminyaka. Le yindlela ekwakhiwe ngayo iingqameko zentaba-mlilo.
- Imida eyahlukileyo. Zizo ezichasene ngokupheleleyo neziguqukayo. Kwezi amacwecwe zikwimeko yokwahlukana. Unyaka ngamnye bayahlula ngakumbi, benza indawo entsha yolwandle.
- Imida yenguqu. Kule mida amacwecwe awahlukanga okanye ajoyine, ayasilayida ngendlela efanayo okanye ethe tye.
- Iindawo ezishushu. Yeyona mimandla apho ingubo yomhlaba esemazantsi epleyiti inobushushu obungaphezulu kwezinye iindawo. Kule meko, i-magma eshushu iyakwazi ukunyuka ngaphezulu ize ivelise iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo.
Umda wamacwecwe uthathelwa ingqalelo njengemimandla apho zombini izinto zejoloji kunye nentaba-mlilo zigxile khona. Ngesi sizathu, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba iintaba-mlilo ezininzi kunye neenyikima zijolise kumjikelo womlilo wePasifiki. Ingxaki kuxa inyikima isenzeka elwandle kwaye ikhokelela kwitsunami ene tsunami ehambelana nayo. Kule meko, ingozi inyuka ukuya kwinqanaba lokuba inokubangela iintlekele ezinje ngeFukushima ngo-2011.
I-Pacific Belt yoMsebenzi woMlilo
Njengoko unokuba uqaphele, iintaba-mlilo azisasazwa ngokulinganayo kwiplanethi yonke. Ngokuchasene noko. Ziyinxalenye yendawo apho umsebenzi wejoloji mkhulu khona. Ukuba lo msebenzi ubungekho, iintaba-mlilo bezingayi kubakho. Iinyikima zibangelwa kukuqokelelana nokukhululwa kwamandla phakathi kwamacwecwe. Ezi nyikima zixhaphake kakhulu kumazwe apho sibekwe ecaleni kwePacific Ring of Fire.
Kwaye yile ring yomlilo kugxila kwi-75% yazo zonke iintaba-mlilo ezisebenzayo kwiplanethi iphela. Iinyikima ezingama-90% nazo ziyenzeka. Zininzi iziqithi kunye neearchipelagos kunye kunye neentaba-mlilo ezahlukileyo ezinogqabhuko-dubulo kunye nokudubula. Iingqameko ze-volcanic nazo ziqhelekile. Ziyimixokelelwane yeentaba-mlilo elele phezu kwamacwecwe okuthambisa.
Le nyaniso yenza ukuba abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela babenomdla kunye noloyiko ngeli bhanti lomlilo. Oku kungenxa yokuba indlela ezisebenza ngayo ingummangaliso kwaye inokubangela iintlekele zendalo zokwenyani.
Njengoko ubona, indalo yinto engapheliyo ukuba isothuse kwaye zininzi iziganeko zentaba-mlilo kunye nejoloji kwindandatho yomlilo yePacific.