Yintoni ixesha lejoloji kwaye ilinganiswa njani?

Ngamaxesha amaninzi usenokuba ukhe wafunda kwizithuba zam intetho "Ixesha lendalo". Isikali esiqhele ukusebenza kuso asinakusetyenziselwa ukuthetha ngejoloji kunye nokuvela koMhlaba okanye indalo iphela. Gcina ukhumbula ukuba umlinganiso wabantu esihlala sisebenza kuwo umalunga neminyaka eli-100 umntu ngamnye. Nangona kunjalo, ixesha alithethi nto kwiinkqubo zejoloji. Kulapho kufuneka sithethe malunga nexesha lejoloji.

Uphononongo loMhlaba kufuneka lube nenqanaba elikhulu apho linokubandakanya zonke iinkqubo zejoloji njengoko zenzekile ngokwenyani. Ngoko ke, namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga nexesha le-geological. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba umhla wejoloji kunye nomhla kunye neziganeko zejoloji kwiplanethi yethu?

Inkcazo yexesha lejoloji

Ukulungelelanisa lonke ulwazi lwejoloji sisebenzisa eli xesha lokwakheka komhlaba. Xa sithetha, umzekelo, ngokwenziwa kwamatye e-sedimentary, sithetha ngokudityaniswa kwezixhobo ngamandla oxinzelelo. Olu qeqesho alwenzeki ngeentsuku, iiveki, okanye iinyanga. Ngaphezulu, Ayenzeki kwiminyaka eyi-100. Inkqubo yokwenziwa kwelitye lentlenga elinjengelitye lentlabathi lithatha amawaka eminyaka. Abantu abayonto encinci kwaphela kwimbali yejoloji yoMhlaba.

Ukuze sazise zonke iinkqubo zejoloji kwisikali esinokuthi sisebenze kuso, sisebenzisa iiAeon, iAgeological Ages, amaxesha kunye neeppo. Ngokungafaniyo nexesha eliqhelekileyo esiqhele ukusebenzisana nalo, ixesha lejoloji alinalo ixesha elimiselweyo. Kungenxa yokuba kukho iindawo ezoluliweyo kwimbali yoMhlaba apho kwenzeka khona izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ezi ziganeko zishwankathelwe ku-lukwakhiwa kweentaba, ukhukuliseko lomhlaba, ukuphela kwezinto ezininzi, njalo

Ngazo zonke ezi mpawu kunye nezikhokelo, sinokuchaza ixesha lejiyoji njengexesha lexesha elisusela ekwakhiweni nasekuphuhlisweni koMhlaba (malunga ne-4,5 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo) ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ngamafutshane, ingathi yikhalenda yoMhlaba.

Isikali kunye neziganeko zejoloji

Eli nqanaba lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngoochwephesha bezenzululwazi nezinye izazinzulu. Enkosi kuye, Banokwabela ixesha kunye nemihla yezona ziganeko zibalulekileyo eMhlabeni. Ngaphakathi kwamatye kulapho uzakufumana khona ulwazi oluthe kratya malunga nokwenzekileyo kwiplanethi yethu kuyo yonke le minyaka iyi-4,5 yezigidi.

Kude kube yinkulungwane ye-XNUMX uMhlaba wawucingelwa ukuba ungamawaka nje ambalwa eminyaka ubudala. Ulwazi lokwenyani lomhlaba lweza nokufunyanwa kwe-radioactivity nguMarie Curie ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ndiyabulela koku kuye kwenzeka ukuba sikwazi ukujonga amatye womhlaba kunye neemeteorites eziwayo.

Ukuba sifuna ukuthetha malunga nexesha lejoloji, asinakho ukusebenzisa iiyunithi zexesha ezinje ngamashumi eminyaka okanye iinkulungwane. Eyona ndlela iluncedo kakhulu kukwahlula ixesha ngeziganeko eziphambili zejoloji. Ngamafutshane, imalunga notshintsho olukhulu oluhlupheke ematyeni nakwizinto eziphilayo ukusukela oko yavela iplanethi yethu.

Ulwahlulo lwejoloji

Ngexesha lejioloji, elona xesha likhulu lisetyenzisiweyo ngu-eon. Le eon yahlulwe yangamabala, amaxesha, i-epochs, kunye nezigaba. Imbali yonke yoMhlaba yahlulwe yaziiAon ezimbini zexesha. Iyokuqala yi-Precambrian, apho uMhlaba wabumba malunga ne-4,5 yezigidigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Yaphela malunga neminyaka engama-570 yezigidi eyadlulayo. Ngoku sikwiPanerozoic Aeon. Ezi eon zimbini zikhulu kakhulu, ke sifuna amaxesha amancinci amancinci.

Siza kufunda nzulu ngeyunithi nganye yokulinganisa kwexesha lejoloji:

Ewe

Yeyona inkulu kunazo zonke kwizinga lexesha. Ilinganiswa rhoqo kwisigidi seminyaka esi-1.000. Isicatshulwa esivela kwi-Precambrian ukuya kwi-Phanerozoic senzeka ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kwelizwekazi elibizwa ngokuba yiPannotia. I-Phanerozoic ithetha "ubomi obubonakalayo." Kwakukho ubomi ngaphambi kokuqala kwale eon, kodwa kulapho zintsonkothe ​​ngakumbi kwaye zavela.

Era

Ixesha alikho iyunithi ngqo. Idibanisa ngokudibeneyo iinguqu zejoloji okanye zebhayoloji ezihlupheke yiplanethi okoko yenziwa. Ixesha ngalinye liqala ngesiganeko esibalulekileyo. Umzekelo, iMesozoic iqala ngokubonakala kweentaka zokuqala kunye nezilwanyana ezanyisayo.

Iminyaka yexesha lokuma komhlaba yile: I-Azoic, Archaic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic (ubomi bamandulo), iMesozoic (ubomi obuphakathi), kunye neCenozoic (ubomi bamva nje). Kuba amaxesha makhulu kakhulu ngexesha, izahlulo kufuneka zincitshiswe ngokuchaneka ngakumbi.

Ixesha

Imalunga nokwahlulwa-hlulwa kwee-eras. Ixesha ngalinye liphawula isiganeko sejoloji okanye ukubonakala komntu ophilayo osebenza njengophawu. Umzekelo, ngexesha leCambrian indawo enkulu ebizwa ngokuba yiPangea iyaqhekeka.

Ixesha

Ixesha lolwahlulo lwexesha. Kwigama ngalinye iziganeko zejoloji zirekhodwa kwisikali esincinci. Umzekelo, kwi Paleocene kukho Ukwahlulwa kweYurophu noMntla Merika. Nangona kwiimephu ezininzi zexesha le-geologic i-epoch yokugqibela ebhaliweyo yi-Holocene, uMhlaba sele udlulile. Ngoku sime kwiAnthropocene. Lixesha lokuqala elichazwe sisenzo somntu.

I-Anthropocene

Ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba umntu uneziphumo ezihle eMhlabeni. Ngaphezulu kwayo yonke loo nto, ukusuka kuguquko lweshishini ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, inguqu yomhlaba iyonke. Izinto eziphilayo zendalo ezingalungiswanga ngumntu zinqabile. Umntu ukwazile ukungena kwaye ayilolonge imeko yomhlaba phantse kuzo zonke iikona zeplanethi.

Utshintsho olukhulu kumhlaba jikelele olufana notshintsho lwemozulu lubangelwa kukukhutshwa kwegesi yendalo eluhlaza evela kwimisebenzi yethu. Njengakwingqimba ye-ozone, esele ihleli izinzile, sikwazile ukuyiphindezela kumashumi nje eminyaka. Sithetha ngophuhliso olubonakalayo olwenzeka kwiminyaka emalunga ne-300. Abemi behlabathi ngonyaka we-1750 abafikeleli kubhiliyoni enye yabemi. Nangona kunjalo, namhlanje, singaphezulu kwe-7,5 yezigidigidi. Kulindeleke ukuba ngonyaka wama-2050 sibe sele siphantse sibe zizigidi ezili-10.

Njengoko ubona, izikali zejoloji ziyimfuneko kakhulu ekufumaneni iifosili kunye nokuqonda ngcono imvelaphi yeplanethi yethu. Kwaye wena, ubusazi malunga nexesha lejoloji?