Daga cikin mahimman duwatsu a duniya shine Aconcagua. An kuma san shi da sunan Cerro Aconcagua. Dutse ne wanda ke yankin lardin Mendoza na yamma, a tsakiyar yamma da Argentina. Tana nuna iyaka da Chile kuma shine mafi girman wurin da aka samu a duk ɓangaren yammacin duniya. Kasancewa irin wannan mahimmin dutse, mutane suna da shi a cikin rarrabuwar Jumloli Bakwai inda aka samo shi, misali, Himalaya.
A cikin wannan labarin zamu gaya muku game da duk halayen wannan shahararren dutsen kuma mu bayyana wasu sirrinsa masu ban sha'awa.
Babban fasali
Muna magana ne game da ɗayan tsaunukan tsaunuka bisa ga babban taimako wanda shine mafi mahimmanci a duniyar. Wadannan duwatsu suna da mafi tsayi a duk nahiyar Amurka. Tana cikin yankin Ajantina. A cikin tsarin tsaunuka na Andes, Aconcagua shine wanda yake da mafi ɗaukaka. Tana da kololuwa guda biyu waɗanda suke a yankin kudu da yankin arewa. Waɗannan taron kolin guda biyu suna yin hanya mai ban mamaki tunda sun haɗu da dutsen da aka sani da Filo de Guanaco.
A saman mun sami ɗumbin kankara waɗanda suke can duk shekara. Wadannan kankarar sune wadanda ke tsara shimfidar wuri ta yadda zai sami wannan daukaka a cikin dubunnan shekaru na kankara da narkewar kewayo.
Aconcagua yana da asalin dutse, kodayake ba dutsen mai fitad da wuta bane. Idan haka ne, ba zata iya samun kankara ba saboda zafin da hayakin dutsen mai fitad da wuta ya bayar. Mafi yawan duwatsun da ke yankin kololuwar tsauni ne. Daya daga cikin manyan halayenta shine cewa tsaunukan da suka sameta suna da kananan shekaru. Wadannan tsaunukan suna da tsaunuka masu tsayi a kololuwa. Matsakaicin matakin mafi ƙasƙanci shine mita 2500, don haka zamu iya gano sauran manyan kololuwa.
Tsarin Aconcagua
Zamu bincika kadan hanyar da aka kirkiro Aconcagua don karin sani game dashi. Samuwarsa ya faru ne lokacin da yawancin ɓawon burodi na sanasa ya nitse ƙasa da Filayen Kudancin Amurka bayan haɗuwa. Ayyukan da suka faru har zuwa lokacin orogenesis kuma raƙuman ɓawon burodi suna ta tsara abubuwan taimako kuma suna haifar da ɓangarorin waɗannan tsaunukan.
Masana kimiyya suna tunanin cewa an kirkireshi ne a matakai daban-daban inda akwai abubuwan da suka faru waɗanda suka yi fice akan wasu kuma yanayin ya canza sosai. Lokacin farkon samuwar Aconcagua ya fara ne a zamanin Jurassic. A wannan lokacin, duwatsun da ke samar da tushen wannan duka abubuwa ne na laka. Daga baya, lokacin da ya zama mafi daidaitaccen tsari yana cikin Mesozoic. A wannan lokacin, motsin motsi na faranti ya haifar da hakan Tsarin Aconcagua yana zama ƙarami kuma ana gyaran dutsen da yake kwance.
Mataki na ƙarshe na samuwar ya faru ne saboda tarin wasu ɗakunan ajiya masu ƙyalƙyali da kayayyakin da ruwan sama mai karfi ya kwashe su. Cenozoic. Wadannan ruwan sama da waɗannan tarin sun haifar da ƙarin ƙaruwa a tsaunukan tsaunuka.
Tunda yana da tsayi mai tsayi, babu makawa cewa shine mafi girma a duk Hasashen Yammacin Turai. An yi ta muhawara game da wannan daukaka tun farkon ƙarni na XNUMX. An rubuta cewa mafi girman ganuwa shine mita 6959. Daga baya, a cikin Janairu 2001, an ba da rahoton cewa tsayin mafi girma ya kasance mita 6962. Wannan adadi an yada shi sosai. Koyaya, gwamnatin Argentina ba ta karɓe shi a hukumance ba.
Clima
Kamar yadda akwai kankara a saman kololuwarta, can yanayin wurin yana da sanyi sosai. An rubuta yanayin zafin-digiri na -30 a saman. Daga tsayin mita 5000, yawan zafin-digirin -20. Ga yawancin masu hawa tsaunuka da masu hawa dutsen, yanayin sanyi, dusar ƙanƙara mai nauyi da canje-canje waɗanda ba a iya hangowa suna yin yunƙurinsu na zuwa saman ɓarnar. Lokacin hunturu ba aboki bane mai kyau don rayuwa a waɗannan yankuna.
Danshi a wannan yanayin yanada karanci, akwai karancin iskar oxygen kuma akwai iska mai karfi. Wadannan iskoki suna haifar da guguwa masu muhimmanci a inda suke guguwar lantarki wannan mazauna wannan yanki suna matukar tsoro. Guguwar na iya zuwa dauke da dusar ƙanƙara da iska mai ƙarfi, don haka rayuwa a can tana da rikitarwa. Abu mafi yawa a cikin wannan yanki shi ne, a lokacin sanyi, yanayin zafi ba ya wuce digiri na sifili.
Flora da fauna
Dangane da fure, yawancin jinsunan da ke zaune a ciki sun riga sun dace da rayuwa a tsaunuka. Yanayin yanayi matsala ce, amma sun koyi tsira a cikinsu. Yawancin nau'ikan tsire-tsire suma dole ne su jimre da tsananin hasken rana kai tsaye da iska mai ƙarfi. Yana da kyau a samo wasu nau'in kamar su yareta, kadekade, kahon akuya, itacen wuta mai launin rawaya, da sauransu Cewa sun dace da wadannan mawuyacin yanayin.
Ko da wasu nau'ikan cacti ana iya gani a lokacin rani a yankunan da ke da filaye da ciyayi da yawa.
A gefe guda, fauna dole ne ya daidaita da yanayin yanayin muhalli na yanzu. Akwai ɗan ciyayi, rashin ruwa, ƙarancin yanayin zafi, ƙarancin oxygen da iska mai ƙarfi. Daga cikin nau'ikan da suka fi dacewa da kuma saurin yaduwa a cikin wadannan yankuna muna da kwandishan, mai bacci cinderella da kuma tsugunne mai hade da juna. Hakanan akwai wasu beraye kamar su linzamin Andean, guanaco da chinchillón. Daga dabbobi masu shayarwa muna da puma da jan Fox.
Muhimmancin Aconcagua ba wai kawai saboda abin da yake wakilta a matakin manyan kololuwa da ƙimar fure da fauna ba. Tsarin hadadden biome ne wanda yake sanya shi da wadataccen flora da fauna duk da mummunan yanayi. Bugu da kari, ita ce muhimmiyar hanyar samun kudin shiga ta tattalin arziki saboda yawan masu yawon bude ido da ke tafiya zuwa tsaunuka.
Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin kuna koyo game da Aconcagua.