'Yan Himalayas

Lokacin da kake magana game da mafi girman tsaunuka a duniya koyaushe kuna magana game da shi da himalayas. Yankin tsaunuka ne wanda ke da kanta manyan kololuwar da ke duniyarmu, gami da sanannen Everest da K2. Hakanan yana da kankara masu yawa da ke da ƙimar muhalli. Kodayake girmanta yana da girma, amma ana ɗaukarsa ɗayan ƙaramin tsarin tsaunuka a duniyarmu.

A cikin wannan labarin zamuyi magana game da duk halaye, geology, flora da fauna waɗanda suke cikin Himalayas da mahimmancinsa ga yanayi. Shin kuna son ƙarin sani game da shahararrun tsaunuka a duniya? Ci gaba da karatu domin zaka koyi komai 🙂

Gabaɗaya

Ana samun Himalayas ko'ina cikin tsakiyar tsakiyar Asiya. Wannan tsaunin tsaunin yana sanya wasu daga cikin abubuwan ban mamaki a duniya da rai. Yana tafiya mai nisa wanda ya mamaye ƙasashe 5 na tsawo: Indiya, Nepal, China, Bhutan da Pakistan. Saboda yanayin yanayi da tsaunukan tsaunukansa akwai manyan wuraren ajiyar kankara wanda ya sanya ta zama ta uku a jerin kasashen duniya. Antarctica da Arctic ne kawai zasu iya wuce wadannan tsaunuka ta fuskar kankara. Kodayake bai shiga saman kankara na duniya ba, ya yi fice saboda kyan da ba za a iya lissafa shi ba Dutsen Appalachian.

Duk da cewa wadannan tsaunuka suna da yanayi mai matukar sanyi, tsawon lokaci garuruwa da dama da matsugunan daban sun zauna. Al'adar da ta bunkasa a waɗannan wurare na musamman ne, tunda ba za a same shi a ko'ina ba. Baya ga al'adu na musamman da keɓaɓɓu a cikin yanayin sanyi, yana da babban jan hankalin masu yawon buɗe ido, ba wai kawai daga baƙi daga wasu ƙasashe ba, amma daga ƙwararrun masu hawa hawa waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin hawa zuwa saman don karya bayanan duniya.

Ana san mazaunan wannan wuri da Sherpas kuma sune ƙwararrun masani a tsaunukan Nepal. A zahiri, mutane da yawa sun sadaukar da kansu ga koyar da masu ba da horo duk abin da suke buƙatar sani don tsira a cikin tudun Himalayas. Kuma shi ne cewa a manyan matakan zafin jiki yana sauka tare da matsin yanayi kuma suna haifar da mawuyacin yanayin muhalli don samun damar hawa.

Sherpas an haife shi a waɗannan wuraren saboda haka suna da tsarin daidaitawa shekaru da yawa zuwa yanayin muhalli. Hakanan Himalayas mahimmin abu ne na addini ga duk mutanen da ke kusa da tsaunuka. Ba wai kawai addini ɗaya ke mulki a waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon ba, har ma da 'yan Hindu, da Jains, da Buddha, da kuma Sikh suna yin tsafinsu.

Babban fasali

Jimlar tsaunin Himalayas na da tsawon kilomita 2400 kuma tana tafiya daga gabas zuwa yamma na Kogin Indus. Ta ratsa dukkan ƙasashen yankin tsakiyar Asiya kuma ta ƙare zuwa Brahmaputra. Faɗinsa mafi girma shine kilomita 260.

Kasancewa ta hanyar tsauni na waɗannan girman, rafuka masu yawa suna gudana tare da kwararar ruwa mai yawa saboda albarkacin ruwan da yake haifar da narkewar kankara. Hakanan zaka iya jin daɗin kyawawan kwari masu siffa ta U a sanadiyyar zaizayar kankara. Waɗannan hanyoyin ilimin ƙasa suna da ban sha'awa ƙwarai da gaske kuma sun cancanci ganin mutum. Babban kogunan da suke kwarara ta Himalayas sune da Ganges, Indo, Yarlung Tsangpo, Yellow, Mekong, Nujiang da Brahmaputra. Duk waɗannan kogunan suna da kwararar ruwa kuma sun shahara da ruwa da na tsafta. Suna da ikon daidaita yanayin duniya da ɗaukar ɗimbin yawa da kwarara zuwa yankuna kewaye. Wadannan kwararar suna dauke ne da kwayoyin halitta wadanda suke da wadatar abubuwan gina jiki.

Ta yaya aka kafa tsaunin tsaunin Himalayan?

Don wannan kewayon tsaunin da yake da irin wannan girman, dole ne ya kasance akwai wani tsarin aikin ƙasa wanda yake da girman gaske. Yankin tsaunin Himalayan an kirkireshi ne sakamakon karowar farantin Indica da na Eurasia. Wadannan farantin nahiyoyin nan guda biyu sun yi karo da karfin gaske kuma sun bunkasa duk wasu tsaunuka da muke gani a yau. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran manyan duwatsu a duniyar tamu, Himalayas ba su da ƙuruciya. Na fadi gwargwadon yadda a jikin mutum ya tsufa sosai, amma kar mu manta lokacin ilimin kasa.

Ofaya daga cikin dalilan da aka san su da zaɓin zamani shine saboda ba a sa su kwata-kwata. Lokacin da tsauni ya tsufa, ana lura cewa ƙwanƙolin yana lalacewa sosai bayan ci gaba da gudana na hazo, dusar ƙanƙara, ruwan sama da iska. Tsarin da aka kirkireshi har yanzu ba'a gama fahimtarsa ​​ba, amma ana kwatanta shi da tsawan tsaunuka domin kokarin gano shekarunsa. Kungiyar masana kimiyya ta kafa hujja da cewa, lokacin da dukkanin bangarorin nahiyoyin suka yi karo da juna, dunkulen Duniya ya tashi a hankali sama da miliyoyin shekaru.

Bayan nazarin halittu da ilimin kasa na yankin an tabbatar da cewa farkon samuwar wannan tsaunin ya fara shekaru miliyan 55 da suka gabata. A wannan lokacin shine lokacin da farantin biyu suka fara karo. Wannan aikin bai gama ba tukuna a yau. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa ake yawan girgizar kasa a yankin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa aka ce Himalayas matasa ne, ganin cewa tsaunukanta suna ci gaba da girma har zuwa yau. Babu wani tsarin ilimin kasa wanda yake da sauri, an kiyasta zai gama girma cikin shekaru miliyan 60.

Himalayan flora da fauna

Kamar yadda aka ambata a baya, wannan yanayin yanayi yana cike da bambancin banbanci na flora da fauna. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da nau'ikan shimfidar wurare dangane da yanayi mafi kusa. Misali, zamu sami gandun daji masu yanayi mai kyau, na yanayin kasa da na kasa kamar shimfidar shimfidar kasa mai tsayi. Yayinda muke ƙaruwa a cikin tsauni muna neman wuraren da babu ƙanƙara da dusar ƙanƙara.

Asusun Duniya na Yanayi (WWF) ya yi nazari mai zurfi a kan dukkan nau'ikan halittu kuma ya kirkiro jerin abubuwan da ke nuna cewa suna rayuwa tare. Dabbobi masu shayarwa 200, nau'ikan shuke-shuke sama da 10.000 da tsuntsayen 977. Wannan wadata ce da dole ne a daraja ta, saboda a yau akwai 'yan wurare kaɗan waɗanda ke da irin wannan bambancin na flora da fauna.

Ina fatan wannan bayanin zai taimaka muku sanin ƙarin shahararrun tsaunuka a duniya.