UJohannes Kepler

Uma usuyithanda i-astronomy ne-physics kungenzeka ukuthi uke wezwa kaningi ngemithetho kaKepler. Le mithetho esungula ukunyakaza kwamaplanethi azungeze iLanga ku- Uhlelo lomkhathi Basungulwa yisazi sezinkanyezi kanye nososayensi wezibalo UJohannes Kepler. Kwakuyinguquko impela esize ukuqonda amandla wamaplanethi azungeze iLanga nokufunda kabanzi ngomkhathi wethu.

Kulokhu okuthunyelwe sizokutshela ngokuningiliziwe i-biography kaJohannes Kepler nakho konke akutholile. Uzokwazi ukwazi umnikelo wesayensi yezinkanyezi.

I-Biography

Wazalelwa eWürtemberg, eJalimane, ngo-1571, abazali bakhe yibona abamenza waba nentshisekelo kukho konke okuphathelene nezinkanyezi. Ngaleso sikhathi i- inkolelo ye-heliocentric yenziwe ngu UNicolaus Copernicus ngakho-ke bekudingeka kuphela ukwazi okuningi ngokuhamba kwamaplanethi azungeze iLanga.

Eminyakeni eyi-9 ubudala, ubaba kaKepler wamenza ukuthi abuke ukusitheka kwenyanga futhi wabona ukuthi inyanga ibukeka ibomvu kanjani impela. Phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 no-11, wayesebenza njengesisebenzi emasimini. Kwakukhona kakade ngo-1589 lapho engena eNyuvesi iTübingen. Wayekwazi ukutadisha izimiso zokuziphatha, ulimi lwesigodi, ukukhuluma ngezinkulumo, isiGreki, isiHeberu nesayensi yezinkanyezi. Ingxenye eyamnika ukuthanda kakhulu kwakuyisayensi yezinkanyezi futhi, ekugcineni, kwaba ubizo lwakhe.

Uyise waya empini futhi akazange ambone futhi empilweni yakhe. Incazelo yombono we-heliocentric ibigcinelwe abafundi abahamba phambili. Noma ngabe bekuphikisana nesayensi yeqiniso, abanye abafundi abangavelele bafundiswe i- umbono we-geocentric yakhelwe nguPtolemy. Yize kungenangqondo ukudalula izinkolelo-mbono ezimbili ezihlukene ngasikhathi sinye, yilokhu okwenziwa ukwehlukanisa abafundi abavelele ababefanelwe ukwazi "iqiniso" kanye nabanye ababezinikele emibonweni ebuyela emuva.

UKepler wayeziqeqeshela ukuba yiCopernican futhi wayeqiniseka ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi le mfundiso iyasebenza. Lapho efuna ukuba ngumfundisi wamaLuthela, wezwa ukuthi isikole samaProthestani eGraz sasifuna uthisha wezibalo. Yilapho aqala khona ukusebenza ngo-1594. Kwaphela iminyaka eminingana enyathelisa ama-almanacs anezinkanyezi.

Kunikezelwe isayensi yezinkanyezi

Iningi lokuphila kukaJohannes Kepler kwanikezelwa ukuqonda imithetho elawula ukunyakaza kwamaplanethi. Ekuqaleni, lapho eqala izifundo zakhe, wayecabanga ukuthi amaplanethi nokunyakaza kwawo kufanele kugcine ukuvumelana kwemithetho kaPythagoras noma umculo wezinhlaka zezulu lamazulu.

Ekubaleni kwakhe wazama ukukhombisa ukuthi ibanga eliphakathi koMhlaba neLanga lalinemikhakha eyisi-6 eyayakhiwe ngokulandelana. Lezo zinhlaka eziyisithupha yizo ebeziqukethe amanye amaplanethi ayisithupha, ngaleso sikhathi, kwakwaziwa kuphela iMercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, neSaturn.

Kamuva ngo-1596, wabhala incwadi lapho abeka khona imibono yakhe. Le ncwadi yaziwa ngokuthi "Imfihlakalo yeCosmic." Ngo-1600, wavuma ukusebenzisana naye UTycho Brahe owasungula lokho okwaba yisikhungo sokubuka izinkanyezi esihle kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lesi sikhungo sasibizwa ngeBenatky Castle futhi sasiseduze nasePrague.

UTycho Brahe wayenemininingwane yokubuka amaplanethi engcono kakhulu futhi enembile kunazo zonke eyayitholakala ngaleso sikhathi. Eqinisweni, ezingeni lokunemba, ishaya imininingwane uCopernicus uqobo ayephethe. Kodwa-ke, noma ngabe ukwaba imininingwane bekuzosiza kakhulu ukusebenzisana kwabo bobabili, UTycho wayengafuni ukwabelana ngale datha enhle noKepler. Kakade esembhedeni wokufa, wavuma ukushiyela uKepler le datha lapho kukhonjiswa khona yonke imininingwane ekumjikelezo wamaplanethi weminyaka ayekade eqoqa imininingwane futhi efunda ngayo.

Ngale mininingwane enembile, uJohannes Kepler ukwazile ukuthola imijikelezo yangempela yamaplanethi ayaziwa ngaleso sikhathi futhi wachaza nemithetho kaKepler ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Imithetho kaJohannes Kepler

Ngo-1604 wabona i-supernova enkulu eMilky Way kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi inkanyezi kaKepler. Ayikho i-supernova eye yabonwa ngemuva kwalokhu emthaleni wethu.

Njengoba imiklamo kaTycho yayifanele kakhulu iplanethi iMars, yilokhu okwenza uKepler wakubona lokho imizila yamaplanethi yayingeyona eyindilinga kodwa iyindilinga. Akakwazanga ukwamukela ukuthi uNkulunkulu akazange abeke amaplanethi nge-geometry elula ngaphandle kwe-elliptical. Ekugcineni, ngemuva kwezifundo eziningi, wakwazi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imibono ehambisana nama-ellipticals isebenza kahle. Wazalwa kanjalo umthetho wokuqala kaKepler, othi "Amaplanethi achaza ukunyakaza kwe-elliptical okuzungeze iLanga, okwakamuva kutholakala kwenye ye-foci ye-ellipse»

Lokhu bekungukuqaqa nokuziphendukela kwemvelo kusayensi yezinkanyezi, lapho amaqiniso eza ngaphambi kwezifiso zokuthi uNkulunkulu udale indawo yonke. UKepler ubemane abheka idatha futhi adonse iziphetho ngezinto ngaphandle kokucabanga ngemibono ebekiwe ngaphambili. Lapho esechazile ngokuhamba kwamaplanethi, manje bese kuyisikhathi sokuthola ukuthi belinjani ijubane abahamba ngalo ezindleleni zabo. Ngale ndlela weza emthethweni wesibili kaKepler othi " Amaplanethi, ohambweni lwawo lokudlula esiwombeni, ashanela izindawo ezilinganayo ngasikhathi sinye".

Isikhathi eside, le mithetho emibili ingaqinisekiswa kwamanye amaplanethi. Obekusele kwaziwe ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-trajectories amaplanethi kanye nomunye. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza, ukubonwa nokubalwa, wathola umthetho wesithathu futhi obaluleke kakhulu olawula ukunyakaza kweplanethi futhi uthi " Isikwele sezikhathi zamaplanethi silingana ne-cube yebanga labo eliqonde ukusuka eLangeni«. Lo mthetho wesithathu uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ubanzi futhi wabizwa ngokuthi umthetho we-harmonic. Ngalesi kungenzeka ukuhlanganisa, ukubikezela nokuqonda kangcono ukuhamba kwezinkanyezi kuSolar System.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, uJohannes Kepler wayenolwazi olubanzi ngomkhathi osekhona nanamuhla.