Ukuthi amaplanethi wesimiso sonozungezilanga azungeza inkanyezi emaphakathi ebizwa ngeLanga kwakungaziwa kahle. Kwakunombono wokuthi uMhlaba uyisikhungo seMvelo nokuthi amanye amaplanethi agxile kuwo. Umbono we-heliocentric Esizokhuluma ngaye namuhla yileyo iLanga liyisikhungo sendawo yonke futhi liyinkanyezi engaguquki.
Ngubani owasungula inkolelo-mbono yelanga futhi isuselwa kuphi? Kulesi sihloko uzokwazi ukwazi ngokujulile isisekelo sayo sesayensi. Ungathanda ukumazi kahle? Kumele uqhubeke ufunde 🙂
Izici zethiyori yelanga
Phakathi nekhulu le-XNUMX nele-XNUMX kwakukhona inguquko yesayensi eyayifuna ukuphendula yonke leyo mibuzo mayelana noMkhathi. Kwakuyisikhathi lapho ukufunda nokuthola amamodeli amasha kwakukhona phambili. Amamodeli adalelwe ukukwazi ukuchaza ukusebenza kweplanethi maqondana noMhlaba wonke.
Sibonga u i-physics, mathematics, biology, chemistry kanye ne-astronomy okwenzelwe ukwazi okuningi ngayo nge-Universe. Lapho sikhuluma nge-astronomy, usosayensi ovelele nguNicolaus Copernicus. Wayengumsunguli wenkolelo yelanga. Wakwenza ngokusekelwe ekubhekeni okuqhubekayo kokuhamba kwamaplanethi. Kwakususelwa kuzici ezithile zemfundiso yangaphambilini ye-geocentric ukuyiphikisa.
UCopernicus wenza imodeli echaza ukusebenza kwe-Universe. Uhlongoze ukuthi ukunyakaza kwamaplanethi nezinkanyezi kulandele indlela efana nephethini ngaphezulu kwenkanyezi enkulu ebekiwe. Kumayelana neLanga. Ukuphikisa umbono wangaphambilini we-geocentric, wasebenzisa izinkinga zezibalo wabeka izisekelo zesayensi yezinkanyezi yanamuhla.
Kufanele kushiwo ukuthi uCopernicus wayengeyena usosayensi wokuqala ukuphakamisa imodeli yelanga lapho amaplanethi ayezungeze khona iLanga. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yesisekelo sayo sesayensi kanye nokubonisa, kwakuyincwadi yenoveli kanye nesikhathi esifanele.
Umbono ozama ukukhombisa ushintsho embonweni wobukhulu obunjalo uthinta abantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwakukhona izikhathi lapho izazi zezinkanyezi zazikhuluma ngokuxazulula izinkinga zezibalo ukuze zingashiyi i-geocentrism eceleni. Kepha abakwazanga ukuphika ukuthi imodeli enikelwe nguCopernicus inikeze umbono ophelele futhi oningiliziwe wokusebenza koMkhathi.
Izimiso ezijwayelekile zethiyori
Umbono we-heliocentric usekelwe ezimisweni ezithile zokuchaza konke ukusebenza. Lezo zimiso yilezi:
- Izindikimba zezulu azizungezi iphuzu elilodwa.
- Isikhungo soMhlaba yisikhungo senyanga (umzila wenyanga ozungeze uMhlaba)
- Yonke imikhakha ijikeleze iLanga, eliseduze nendawo maphakathi nendawo.
- Ibanga eliphakathi koMhlaba neLanga liyingxenyana encane yebanga elisuka eMhlabeni neLanga liye ezinkanyezini, ngakho-ke ayikho i-parallax ebonwa ezinkanyezini.
- Izinkanyezi azigudluki, ukunyakaza kwawo okubonakala nsuku zonke kubangelwa ukujikeleza kwansuku zonke koMhlaba.
- Umhlaba uhamba endaweni ezungeze iLanga, okwenza ukuthi ukufuduka kweLanga kube sobala minyaka yonke.Umhlaba unokunyakaza okungaphezu kokukodwa.
- Ukuhamba okujikelezayo koMhlaba okuzungeze iLanga kubangela ukuhlehla okubonakalayo lapho kuhamba khona amaplanethi.
Ukuchaza izinguquko ekubukekeni kweMercury neVenus, yonke imijikelezo ngayinye kwakufanele ibekwe. Lapho enye yazo isecaleni elikude neLanga maqondana noMhlaba, ibonakala incane. Noma kunjalo, zingabonakala ngokugcwele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma besohlangothini olufanayo lweLanga noMhlaba, ubukhulu babo bubukeka bukhulu futhi isimo sabo siba yinyanga eyisigamu.
Lo mbono ukuchaza kahle ukunyakaza okubuyiswa kabusha kwamaplanethi anjengeMars neJupiter. Kuboniswa ngokuphelele ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi eMhlabeni azinayo ifreyimu yesethenjwa esinqunyiwe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uMhlaba uhamba njalo.
Umehluko phakathi kwe-heliocentric ne-geocentric theory
Le modeli entsha kwaba inguquko ephelele yesayensi. Imodeli yangaphambilini, i-geocentric eyodwa, yayisuselwa ekutheni uMhlaba ubuyisikhungo se-Universe nokuthi uzungezwe yiLanga nawo wonke amaplanethi. Le modeli yehliselwa ezinhlotsheni ezimbili nje kuphela zokubukwa okuvamile nokusobala. Into yokuqala ukubona izinkanyezi neLanga. Kulula ukubuka esibhakabhakeni bese ubona ukuthi, usuku lonke, hamba esibhakabhakeni. Ngale ndlela, kunikeza umuzwa wokuthi nguMhlaba olungisiwe nezinye izidalwa zasezulwini ezihambayo.
Okwesibili, sithola umbono wombukeli. Hhayi nje ukuthi bekubukeka sengathi yonke eminye imizimba ihanjiswe esibhakabhakeni, kepha noMhlaba ayizizwa ifuduka. Bahamba ngomkhumbi bahamba bengazizwa nokunyakaza.
Phakathi nekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC uMhlaba kwakucatshangwa ukuthi uyisicaba Kodwa-ke, lezi zinhlobo zika-Aristotle zazifaka neqiniso lokuthi iplanethi yethu yayiyindilinga. Kuze kwaba ukufika kuka isazi sezinkanyezi uClaudius Ptolemy ukuthi imininingwane emayelana nokwakheka kwamaplanethi neLanga yayiqinisiwe. UPtolemy waphikisa ngokuthi uMhlaba ubuphakathi nendawo noMkhathi nokuthi zonke izinkanyezi zikude kancane ukusuka enkabeni yawo.
Ukwesaba kukaCopernicus ukuboshwa yiSonto LamaKatolika kwamenza walugodla ucwaningo lwakhe futhi akazange alushicilele kwaze kwaba umzuzu wokufa kwakhe. Yilapho esezokufa lapho eyikhipha ngonyaka we-1542.
Incazelo yokuziphatha kwamaplanethi
Umbono we-Geocentric
Iplanethi ngayinye kulesi simiso esakhiwe yilesi sazi sezinkanyezi ishukunyiswa uhlelo lwemikhakha emibili. Enye ihlukile futhi enye i-epicycle. Lokhu kusho ukuthi okuchaseneyo umbuthano osuswe iphuzu lawo maphakathi noMhlaba. Lokhu kusetshenziselwe ukuchaza umehluko phakathi kwesikhathi sonyaka ngamunye. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-epicycle ishunyekwe emkhakheni ohlukile futhi yenza sengathi kuluhlobo lwesondo ngaphakathi kwelinye isondo.
I-epicycle isetshenziselwa ukuchaza ukunyakaza kabusha kwamaplanethi esibhakabhakeni. Lokhu kungabonakala njengoba behlisa ijubane bese beya emuva ukuze bahambe kancane futhi.
Yize lo mbono ungachazanga konke ukuziphatha okubonwe emaplanethi, bekuwukutholwa ukuthi kuze kube namuhla kusize ososayensi abaningi njengesisekelo sokutadisha i-Universe.