Namuhla sizokhuluma ngomfula omude odlula eJalimane. Imayelana ne- Umfula i-Rin. Yize incane ngosayizi uma iqhathaniswa neminye imifula eyaziwa emhlabeni njengeNayile ne-Amazon, iyingxenye yeminye yemigwaqo ebaluleke kakhulu kuyo yonke intshonalanga yeYurophu. Ungomunye wemifula ebambelele ngokuphelele esikweni lamaJalimane kwazise kukhona izindaba, izinganekwane, izinganekwane nezinye izingoma uMfula iRhine ongukhiye wazo.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngazo zonke izici, ukwakheka, i-geology, izitshalo nezilwane zoMfula iRhine.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kungumzimba wamanzi osendaweni yaseYurophu futhi odlula kakhulu eJalimane. Ukuzalwa kwayo kwenzeka esifundeni se-canton of Grisons, esiseSwitzerland Alps. Umlomo wayo uphelela eNorth Sea futhi unobude obungamakhilomitha ayi-1230. Amanzi alo ageleza ohlangothini olusuka enyakatho aye enyakatho-ntshonalanga futhi kungenxa yesigcini se-hydrographic esinendawo elinganiselwa kumakhilomitha-skwele ayi-185.000. Bajwayele ukuba nevolumu yokugeleza ephakeme impela, ngesilinganiso esingaba ngamamitha ama-cubic angama-2900 ngomzuzwana.
Iphakelwa ngamanzi eminye imifula emincane esebenza njengemifula futhi yile elandelayo: iTamina, iRein da Medel, iNeckar, iMoselle, iRuhr neLahn. UMfula iToma ubhekwa njengomfula omkhulu weRhine River, kepha awubizwa ngaleli gama, kepha kuze kube yilapho indawo lapho kuhlangana khona imifula iVorderrhein neHinterrhein, awutholi leli gama. Uma sebedlulile le mifula indlela eya phambili idlula esigodini se-alpine esineqhwa esaziwa ngokuthi yiRhine Valley.
Njengoba inkambo yayo iqhubeka, Indawo iqala ukucabalele bese amanzi ethela eLake Constance bese edlulela entshonalanga. Lapho ifinyelela enyakatho yeSwitzerland kunohlobo oluthile lwempophoma njengoba iwela ebangeni elingaba ngamamitha angama-23.
Akuzona impela ezinkulu noma ezihlaba umxhwele kepha zinhle kakhulu ukuzibona. Uma isifikile esigabeni sempophoma, iqhubeka nendlela yayo ibheke olwandle. Lapho iseduze nomlomo wayo, imifula iMeuse neScheldt iyajoyina futhi phakathi kwezihloko zakhe i-delta eneziteshi eziningi.
Ukwakheka kobhejane womfula
Kufanele sikwazi lokho Akukabikho ukuvumelana okusho iminyaka yobudala yalo mfula. Kukhona ezinye izifundo ezihluleka ukuthola imininingwane ecacile ngobudala bomfula. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukwakheka kwalo mfula kungenxa yemiphumela yemvelo ekhiqizwa ukuphakama kwamazwe nokwakheka kwezintaba. Ngesikhathi se- Isikhathi se-Eocene, i-orogeny ekugcineni yabangela ukuqhekeka okwakusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi okwenza izindimbane zamanzi ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi zehla.
Lapho le orogeny iholele ezindaweni ezingaba imizimba yamanzi, kwaqala ukwakha umfudlana omncane. Lokhu kufundiwe ngokubheka inhlabathi endala kunazo zonke yomfula iRhine kuze kube manje. Zonke lezi zidalwa zivela ku- Miocene.
Ukuguqulwa komfudlana omncane kwathatha eminye iminyaka eyinkulungwane ukushintsha inkambo yawo ngoba izinga lolwandle lalikhuphuka esifundeni saseNetherlands. Ngenxa yalokho, umfula iRhine washintsha inkambo yawo ngesikhathi se- inkathi holocene.
Izimbali nezilwane zomfula iRhine
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo nezilwane eziningi kakhulu zalo mfula. Khumbula ukuthi iyakwazi ukuhlalisa izinhlobo eziningana zezilwane nezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-50 zezimbali. Ezinye zezinhlanzi eziningi kakhulu ezitholakala kuwo wonke umfula yi-trout ejwayelekile, i-brook lamprey, i-barbel, i-river lamprey, i-carp yegolide, i-rutile, i-eel ejwayelekile kanye ne-carp yotshani.
Uma sibala kuphela zingaphezu kuka-50 izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezitholakalayo, ezingama-37 kuzo kungokwemvelo kanti ezinye zethulwe ngabantu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ayinazo nje kuphela izilwane ezixhunywe emanzini, kodwa futhi inezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezizungeze yonke imvelo. Sibona izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni ezihlala endaweni yakho. Bachitha ubusika bonke lapho ukuze bakwazi ukuphumula ekufudukeni. Isibonelo, sibona izinhlobo zezinyoni ezinjenge-mallard, i-face goose, i-European poodle, i-tufted poodle, i-coot ejwayelekile, i-grest enkulu, i-osprey ne-cormorant enkulu. Kukhona nezinye izingulube eziyingxenye yezilwane zezinyoni ezingaphansi kwalo mfula.
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezilwane eziphila emanzini nasemanzini kanye nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyatholakala futhi kulo lonke umfula iRhine river. Agqame phakathi kwabo ixoxo elibomvu, iselesele elijwayelekile nenyoka ehlanganisiwe.
Ngokuqondene nezimbali, zakhiwa izitshalo zasemanzini ezinjengemhlanga ezitholakala ngendlela ezungezayo osebeni lomfula. Kukhona okunye okungapheli okunezimbali ezibekezelela inhlabathi enomswakama. Lezi zitshalo ziyiminduze. Ezinye izimbali zingatholakala nxazonke zomfula ezakha izindawo ezinotshani nezindawo ezinotshani obufushane. Kwezinye izindawo lapho izitshalo zingakhula khona zide, amahlathi amancane angavuthiwe angakha.
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho
Kumele kucatshangwe ukuthi lo mfula uyindlela yokuhamba ngaphakathi kweYurophu futhi ngenxa yawo ubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho emazweni aseduze. Kungenzeka ukuthi ibaluleke kakhulu entshonalanga yezwekazi. Ubude obuphelele bomfula, Amakhilomitha angama-880 ayahamba futhi ijoyina iDanube ngeziteshi. Eduze kwamabhange kunemigwaqo eminingi nojantshi abadlula besuka kwenye indawo baye kwenye.
Ukubaluleka kwezomnotho kwalo mfula ukuthi izimpahla zezimboni nabantu bangathuthwa ngamanzi awo. Ngenxa yendawo elikuyo amasu, ibibandakanyeke ezingxabanweni zezepolitiki kuwo wonke umlando.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngomfula iRhine nezimpawu zawo.