El I-Cenozoic Kuyinkathi ehlukaniswe izinkathi ezimbili ezaziwa ngokuthi I-Pleistocene y Holocene. IHolocene yisikhathi sokugcina esaziwayo ngoba kulapho iplanethi yethu ikhona njengamanje. Kwaqala eminyakeni eyi-12.000 eyedlule, impela i-10.000 BC futhi sisekhona eHolocene namuhla. Le nkathi ihlanganisa iningi lentuthuko yesintu selokhu kwavela i- Homo sapiens kubuchwepheshe esinabo namuhla.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana nesikhathi se-Holocene.
Izici ezijwayelekile
Ngalesi sikhathi iplanethi ishintshe kakhulu. Izinguquko eziningi eziye zabonwa zisezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kusukela isenzo somuntu wamanje ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane futhi kubangela ukuqothulwa. Umuntu uye waba uhlobo oluphambili emhlabeni yize edale umonakalo omkhulu.
IHolocene isichithe iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-12.000 XNUMX cishe futhi yiyo ehlanganisa yonke intuthuko yesintu. Kulesi sikhathi, ukusungulwa kwamaqembu okuqala omphakathi kanye nempucuko yokuqala yabantu kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokubhala, uhambo lokuhlola kanye nentuthuko enkulu yamasiko, ubuhlakani kanye nezobuchwepheshe, phakathi kokunye, kungafakwa.
Ngalesi sikhathi kwaba nokuqothulwa okukhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo okuye kwabonwa ngenqubo eqhubekayo nehlala njalo. Lezi zinhlobo zombili izilwane nezitshalo zehliswe ngamanani amakhulu ngenxa yesenzo sabantu. Yonke le nqubo ihlukaniswe ngochwepheshe njengenye yezinqubo ezimbi kakhulu zokuqothulwa komhlaba okwenzeke emhlabeni wethu. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imbangela yokuqothulwa kwezinto ibingadalwanga yisenzo sezici zemvelo kepha kungenxa yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala kule planethi futhi esibe yiso esihamba phambili.
Ngesikhathi seHolocene kubhekwa ukuthi kunenkathi yokuhlangana phakathi kwabantu. Lokho wukuthi, isikhathi lapho ukupholisa okukhulu kuphela futhi kunendawo encane embozwe yiqhwa. Kulindeleke ukuthi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze kakhulu kube khona okunye ukuqhwaqhala okuzokwenzeka kusukela, ngenxa yezifundo esinazo nolwazi ngamarekhodi ezimbiwa phansi, enye inkathi yobudala beqhwa kufanele iqale kungekudala noma kufanele iqale.
IHolocene Geology
Ngokuqondene nokwakheka komhlaba, yisikhathi lapho kube khona ukubaluleka okuncane kusukela lapho akuzange kube nezinguquko ezinkulu ekunyakazeni kwe-orogenic, kungaba ukumiswa kwamazwekazi. Ezinye izingcezu ezazingezwekazi elikhulu elaziwa ngokuthi yiPangea ziqhubekile nokuhamba kepha ngesilinganiso esincane kunangesikhathi sasendulo. Ibanga elihlanganisa amazwekazi kusukela ekuqaleni kwalesi sikhathi kuze kube manje kube yikhilomitha elilodwa kuphela. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uquqaba lwamazwekazi alusoze lwayeka ukunyakaza futhi kulindeleke ukuthi eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbalwa baphinde beshayane baphinde bakhe enye yezwekazi elikhulu.
Ngalesi sikhathi kube nokukhuphuka kwamazinga olwandle ngenxa yokuncibilika noma izinguzunga zeqhwa. Amazwe amaningi namuhla acwiliswe ngaphansi kwamanzi ekuqaleni ayengamabhuloho phakathi kwezinye izifunda. Ngalo mqondo, kungashiwo ukuthi ukuncibilika akubangekanga ngemuva kwenqubo kancane kancane kepha kube nezikhathi lapho ukuncibilika kwafinyelela iziqongo ezithile okwenza ukuba ulwandle lukhuphuke ngokungazelelwe ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokubheka le mininingwane, kungaphethwa ngokuthi izinga lolwandle selikhuphuke selingamamitha angama-35 selokhu kwaqala iHolocene. Iqiniso elikhathazayo ukuthi kule minyaka engama-25 edlule izinga lolwandle libuye lenyuka futhi ngezinga elilinganiselwa ku-3mm ngonyaka, okusheshiswa ngandlela thile ukuthi yiliphi izinga elijwayelekile. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda komphumela wokushisa obamba ukushisa obangela ukwanda kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba futhi kubangelwa isenzo samanye amagesi akwazi ukugcina ukushisa.
Isimo sezulu seHolocene
Amazinga okushisa ngalesi sikhathi mancane kakhulu kunezikhathi zangaphambilini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kuyinkathi yokuhlangana kwezinhlanga ezahlukene. Isilinganiso samazinga okushisa besikhuphukile noma siphakathi kuka-4 no-9 degrees cishe. Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke bekungalingani, ngoba kwezinye izindawo kuthole ukwanda okukhulu kanti kwezinye ukwehla okufanayo. Amazwe ahlupheke kakhulu yilezo ezazitholakala eningizimu.
Kwezinye izifunda lapho bezihlale zinesimo sezulu esisehlane, umbuso wemvula waqala ukwanda.
Izimbali nezilwane
Ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo ngesikhathi se-Holocene ayinikezi ukuguqulwa okuningi kakhulu kumbono wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Umkhuba omakwe kakhulu ongamelwa ngale minyaka ukuthi izinhlobo zezilwane seziqale ukunyamalala ngokushesha okukhulu kunangaphambili. Abaningi bahlobanisa lokhu kwehla kwezinhlobo nokubukeka kwabantu. Ukuqothulwa kuyaqhubeka kuze kube yisikhathi samanje lapho kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Izitshalo ezisatshalaliswa kakhulu ezingeni leplanethi zingama-angiosperms. Izifunda zezindawo ezishisayo eziseduze kakhulu ne-Ecuador yilezo lapho kunenani elikhulu kakhulu lamahlathi aswakeme anenqwaba yezitshalo nezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Ezindaweni eziseduze nezigxobo izitshalo zishintsha kakhulu. Izitshalo ezinamaqabunga nomswakama wehlathi zingena kwezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla eziguqulelwa emazingeni okushisa aphansi.
Ngokuqondene nezilwane, izilwane azikahluka kakhulu ngesikhathi se-Holocene. Izinhlobo ezikwazi ukuzinakekela sonke lesi sikhathi azikaze zenze ushintsho noma ukuziphendukela kwemvelo. Okuye kwagcizelelwa futhi kwalulwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuphela kwezilwane zasemhlabeni nezasolwandle. Konke lokhu kudalwa isenzo sabantu nesifiso sabo sokunqoba iplanethi.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngeHolocene.