Njengoko kukhankanyiwe kumanqaku athile, ubudala bomhlaba kucingelwa ukuba buphakathi kweminyaka eyi-4.400 kunye ne-5.100 yezigidigidi zeminyaka. Le ithiyori ichazwa ngokusetyenziswa kweendlela zedijometri zokuthandana ngenxa yolwazi kunye nezinto ezinokutsalwa kwi-meteorites. Ubungqina boku buhambelana, kungatsho ukuba le yimvelaphi yoMhlaba. Ukucacisa zonke iziganeko ezenzekileyo kwiplanethi yethu, uqobo. Ngumthetho osekwe kwinkolelo yokuba iziganeko ezenzekileyo kwimbali ziyafana nezo zenzeka ngoku.
Kweli nqaku siza kwalatha into eyiyo, ziyintoni iimpawu zayo kwaye ibaluleke kangakanani.
Yintoni ubunyani
Ngumgaqo-siseko okhutshwe nguJames Hutton kwaye uqhubeke nokuphuhliswa ngu UCharles Lyell ekumiswe kuyo ukuba iinkqubo ezenzeke kwimbali yoMhlaba ziyafana nezo zenzeka namhlanje. Yiyo le nto ithiyori ibizwa ngokuba yinyani.
Le meko ikwajongwa njengentlekele. Kungenxa yokuba iimpawu zejoloji zangoku zenziwe ngequbuliso kwixesha elidlulileyo ngenxa yenguqu kunye nokuvela. Ezinye zezona zixhobo zibalulekileyo ezithi zisebenzise ubunyani kunye nokufana ukuze kukhutshwe ulwazi kwizinto zethu zangaphambili kukuphambuka komgaqo, ukulandelelana kobomi kunye nokulandelelana kweziganeko kokubini kwithuba langaphambili nakwindaleko yangoku.
Lo mthetho waqinisekiswa ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX nasekuqaleni kwe-XNUMX. Kwakungokwezendalo abakwaziyo ukuqinisekisa ubungqina ngokujonga umphezulu woMhlaba. Ezi zinto zendalo ziyangqina kwaye bazixhasa kwezi nyaniso ukuze baqonde ubume bomhlaba kunye nayo yonke indaleko. Ngokusengqiqweni iyavakala. Kutheni le nto iinkqubo ziza kutshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha? Iipateni zotshintsho lweatmosfera, umhlaba, iiarhente zejolojinjl. Bayafana nabo benze ekuqaleni kwayo yonke into.
Kuya kufuneka uqaphele ukuba ngaphambi kokuba i-atmosfere ibingenakho ukwenziwa okufanayo. Kodwa ke, ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, ukwakhiwa kwayo kusaguqulwa. Mhlawumbi sisikali se Ixesha lejoloji oko kusenza ukuba sicinge ukuba ngaphambi kokuba zibekho ezinye iziganeko zejoloji kunangoku. Umoya, imisinga yolwandle, imvula, izaqhwithi, njl. Zenzekile xa kwavela uMhlaba.
Ke ngoko, into ekhuselwa yimeko yangoku yile ikwayiziganeko ezifanayo eziye zaguqula iplanethi kwaye zabangela ukuba ziguquke, kodwa kude kube namhlanje, basasebenza kwaye benza.
IGenesis
Imvelaphi yokuma komhlaba kunye neentsika zachazwa ngale ndlela zizenzo zamanzi, umoya kunye namaza abawajongileyo kwaye banokulinganisa iziphumo mihla le. Abo baxhasa intlekele, bachasene nemibono yokwenyani, kuba bekhusela ukuba iintlambo ezinkulu, ukwakheka komhlaba kunye nezitya zolwandle zenzekile ngenxa yeentlekele ezimbi zangaphambili.
Banokufumaneka kwizicatshulwa zenkolo ezinjengeBhayibhile kunye noNogumbe wayo onokuthi uchazwe njengonobangela wezinto ezinkulu ezinentaba ezazikhukulisa intili. Kukho konke oku kukho indawo yokufana. Yinzululwazi yokwakheka komhlaba ethi ithiyori ithi iinkqubo ezikhoyo ngoku zenzekile ngokuthe ngcembe. Ukongeza, zingunobangela weempawu zejoloji anazo iplanethi yethu. Okokukhusela ukufana kukuba ezi nkqubo zigcinwe kude kube namhlanje ngaphandle kotshintsho.
Ubunyani bebhayiloji
Ngumgaqo-siseko oxhasa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezidalwa ezikhoyo namhlanje kunye nezakudala. Ngokusisiseko, yintoni eyenzeka kubuchwephesha bebhayoloji Ngqina ukuba iinkqubo ezenziwa zizinto eziphilayo namhlanje zazenziwe ngaphambili. Akukho nanye kuloo nto itshintshileyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.
Ukwenza icace kwaye kube lula ukuyiqonda. Ukuba uhlobo luphefumla kwaye luvelise kwakhona, kunokwenzeka ukuba ezi nkqubo bezisenziwa nakwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Ke, ukuba sidibanisa oku kunye neenkqubo zejoloji, siyakube siqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo ezifanayo bezisoloko zisenzeka kwaye akukho nanye kuzo etshintshileyo namhlanje. Kuyinyani ukuba ezi nkqubo ziye zaneempawu zazo, ngenxa yokuba izinto eziphilayo kuye kwafuneka ziqhelane neemeko ezintsha kunye neemeko eziguqulwe ziiarhente zejoloji kule minyaka idlulileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona izinto eziguqukayo ziguquka, isiseko senkqubo siyahlonitshwa, oko kukuthi, kuyaphefumlwa kwaye bayazala. Ubunyani bebhayoloji busebenza kwiinkqubo ezinje ngokuvelisa nokuzala. Izinto sele ziqala ukutshintsha xa sithetha ngokuziphatha kwezinto eziphilayo. Kule meko, iinkqubo zinzima ngakumbi ukusebenzisa ubume bezinto eziphilayo. Njengabantu abazivumelanisa neemeko ezintsha, asinakuqinisekisa ukuba kukuziphatha okufanayo abanako ngamaxesha onke. Ngapha koko, akunakwenzeka ukuba uthathe isimilo sokuziphatha kweentlobo ezingasekhoyo kwaye wazi ukuba kuyafana na kwezi zangoku, kwizigidi nakwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Umzekelo, phambi kwe- imiyaka yomkence, izidalwa eziphilayo mazitshintshe indlela eziziphethe ngayo ukuze zikwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ukuze zisinde. Ukufuduka yenye yeendlela zokuziphatha eziye zagcinwa kuyo yonke into ephilayo, kuba sisimo sokusinda ekufuneni indawo yokuhlala apho banokuvelisa khona kwaye babe neemeko zokuphila ezilungileyo.
Imbali ye-Geological yenyani
Ukuze ufumane lonke ulwazi malunga nento eyenzekileyo kwimbali, kuyasetyenziswa ubunyani kunye nokufana, ezikhuselweyo ngokulandelelana kwesilwanyana, ukulandelelana kweziganeko kunye nokulandelwa komgaqo.
Ngokwolwazi olunokufumaneka kulwahlulo lweefosili ezahlukeneyo, sinoku kulandelayo:
- Indawo ababenayo ngokubhekisele kwinqanaba lolwandle
- Iqondo lobushushu ababehlala kulo
- Iintyatyambo nezilwanyana ezikhoyo ngelo xesha
- Umzuzu apho bekukho iintshukumo ezinkulu zetectonic
Njengoko ubona, inzululwazi izama ukucacisa indlela uMhlaba ovele ngayo namhlanje. Okwenziweyo lisebe elamkelweyo ngokufanelekileyo.