Kwi-geology kuye kwakho oososayensi abakhulu abenze izinto ezintle, oko ke kunceda ukuqhubela phambili nokufunda ngakumbi ngeplanethi yethu. Phakathi kwezona nzulu zibalaseleyo sinazo UCharles Lyell. Uyi-geologist owayephethe ukuseka i-geology yanamhlanje kwaye wenza izinto ezinkulu ezanceda ukwandisa ulwazi malunga nendlela iplanethi yethu esebenza ngayo. Wayengomnye wabameli ababalaseleyo bokufana kunye nokuma ngokuthe ngcembe.
Kweli nqaku siza kuthetha ngebhayiloji kaCharles Lyell, esixelela ngazo zonke ezona zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini bakhe kunye nezinto awazenzayo ukwenza ijiology iqhubele phambili kakhulu ngamaxesha akhe.
Ukuqala kukaCharles Lyell
Imalunga nendoda eyazalelwa eKinnordy, eScotland ngoNovemba 14, 1797. Wafunda ezomthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford, kodwa wanikezela ubomi bakhe kwijoloji. Njengoko ubona, eyona nto ikunceda ukuba uqhubele phambili kwaye ukhule njengomntu ayisiyiyo le uyifundayo, kodwa yile uyithandayo. Ngokuzinikezela kwakhe kwi-geology ngenxa yokuthanda, wakwazi ukufezekisa izinto ezininzi ezingafunekiyo. Phakathi kwabo, wakwazi ukupapasha iMigaqo yeGeology ngo-1833. Kuthathe imiqulu eliqela ukuqokelela lonke ulwazi ebelikuyo.
U-Lyell wayenziwe ngokusekwe zezinye izazinzulu zale mihla kwaye ithisisi yakhe yayihambelana. Kuyo wayethethelela ukuba uMhlaba wenziwe kancinci ukusukela kumaxesha amade apho izinto ze geological ezinje ngezo sizaziyo namhlanje njenge iiarhente zejoloji. Imalunga nenyikima mlilo, izikhukula, ukhukuliseko oluqhubekayo, njl.
Kule minyaka bekukho enye ithiyori ebanzi malunga nokusekwa koMhlaba owawuyintlekele. Olu luvo lwalukhusela ukuba uMhlaba wakhiwe kwaye wabunjwa ngothotho lweentlekele ezinkulu ezithe zenzeka ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu, kodwa ezithe zaguqula yonke imimoya yomhlaba kunye noncedo.
Babezithiyori ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kwaye bephakamisa ithiyori eyaphula yonke into esekwe ngeli xesha yayiyinto eyingozi. Ukuba akunjalo, xelela UGiordano Bruno. Nangona kunjalo, kwimpapasho yakhe iMigaqo yeGeology, iinxalenye ezininzi ezichaze ithisisi yakhe ziyabonakala.
Okwenziweyo, ukufana kunye nokulingana okuguqukayo
Iindawo ezahlukeneyo zethisisi zacaciswa kwimigaqo yeGeology. Elinye lala malungu lalibizwa ngokuba yi-actualism. Le yingcaciso kaLyell izinto ezidlulileyo ezivela kwizizathu zejoloji ezisebenze namhlanje. Oko kukuthi, iiarhente zejoloji ezinje ngokhukuliseko lomoya, elinceda ukuhambisa intlenge kunye nokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo, zikwazile ukuguqula isiqabu kumawaka eminyaka ngokuhamba kwexesha kunye nokwenza kancinci.
Uye wakhusela ukuba zonke izinto zejoloji ziyafana kwaye zenzeka kancinci kancinci ngokuqhubekayo, ngaphandle kwezinye eziyintlekele. Oku kwaziwa njengeyunifom. Iziganeko eziyintlekele ekubhekiselwe kuzo kwiinyikima kunye nakwiintaba-mlilo ezenzeke ngexesha elifutshane kwaye zenze umonakalo kwi-geology yommandla.
Okokugqibela, ukhusela ukuba imbali yoMhlaba inikwe ngu umjikelo oqhubekayo apho izinto zenziwe kwaye zonakaliswe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumlinganiso onamandla. Le ithiyori yokulingana okuguqukayo isisiseko ukuze ikwazi ukusebenza kwihlabathi lezinto eziphilayo zonke iinkqubo ze-geological morphogenesis ezinje ngokhukuliseko lomhlaba kunye nentlenga, yonke imicimbi yentaba-mlilo kunye neenyikima. Iingxelo ebezivelisile zivela kuqwalaselo lwejoloji olwenzileyo ngexesha lohambo olude ebelilwenza eYurophu nakuMntla Melika.
Imvelaphi yobomi kunye nenkuthazo
UCharles Lyell ucebise nethiyori ezithile malunga nemvelaphi yobomi kwiplanethi yethu. Wayecinga ukuba bekukho ixesha elide nelilandelelanayo lokuphela kunye nokudalwa kweentlobo. Oku kudalwa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweentlobo kungenxa yentshukumo efumanekayo kumazwekazi kwaye yabangela utshintsho olukhulu kwimozulu echaphazele ukuhlala kweentlobo. Oku kwenzeke nenyaniso yokuba ezi ntlobo azikwazi ukukhuphisana nezinye iintlobo okanye zifudukele kwiindawo ezinemozulu ezinzileyo. Xa ezi ntlobo zafa, zatshintshwa zezinye ezavela ngenxa yolungelelwaniso olutsha kwimeko yezendalo ekhoyo mzuzu ngamnye kwimbali.
Enkosi kwezi postulates, umsebenzi kaCharles Lyell waphumelela kakhulu kwihlabathi liphela. Isebenze njengenkuthazo kwizazinzulu ezininzi, kubandakanya uCharles Darwin.
Inkuthazo kaLyell kubugcisa iipostulates zibangelwa sisazinzulu uJames Hutton. Wafunda ngemvelaphi yoMhlaba kwithiyori yoMhlaba apho uHutton avelise ithiyori ezithile malunga nokwenziwa kweplanethi kunye namandla aqhubayo ukuba nawo. Ngelo xesha intlekele yayicingelwa ukuba iyahambelana nombono wokudalwa koMhlaba kunye nokuchazwa kweBhayibhile.
ULyell wayejongwa njengomnye wabaseki besiqendu, apho bangaqala khona ukufunda ngokwahlukeneyo kobume boMhlaba. Wayengomnye wababhali bokuqala ukwahlula i-strata ngezifundo ezithile zendlela yaselwandle eyayiqhutywa eNtshona Yurophu. Kwezi zigaba, wafunda iimollusk ezinamaqokobhe kwaye wakwazi ukwahlula ezahlukileyo iintlobo zamatye ngamaxesha amathathu: Ecoene, Miocene kunye nePliocene.
Iimbeko kunye nohambo lukaCharles Lyell
Kunyaka we-1827 kulapho wakwaziyo ukushiya urhwebo kwafuneka akwazi ukuzinikezela ngokupheleleyo kwi-geology. Wayelilungu leRoyal Society, apho anokuphucula khona izifundo zakhe. Nangona uJames Hutton ebekhe wapapasha ngaphambili ukuba uMhlaba ubusenziwa ngezenzo ezicothayo kwaye kungengotshintsho olukhawulezileyo njengoko lukhuselwe yintlekele, yayinguLyell owanika ezona nkcazo zicacisayo ngelo xesha.
Kule minyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe wapapasha incwadi eya kuba sisalathiso kwinkalo yokwakheka komhlaba kunye ne stratigraphy. Imalunga ne- Izinto zeJoloji kwaye ngo-1863, wapapasha umsebenzi wakhe wesithathu obizwa ngokuba Mandulo lomntu. Wayebizwa ngokuba nguMhlekazi kwaye wafumana izihloko ezininzi ezihloniphekileyo ebomini bakhe. Usweleke ngoFebruwari 22, 1875.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi lukuncede wadibana nomnye wooyise bokuqala bejoloji yanamhlanje.