Kufuneka sazi ukuba amanzi abaluleke kakhulu kwaye ayimfuneko ebomini bethu. Iingcali, izazinzulu kwaye wonke umntu uyazi. Sifuna amanzi ukuze siphile. Kungenxa yokuba asisebenzisi kumakhaya ethu ukusela, ukuhlamba nokupheka, kodwa kubalulekile kwezolimo, kwimfuyo nakwimizi-mveliso. Ukuba namanzi asemgangathweni kubalulekile kuluntu nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Ngesi sizathu, iseti yawo onke amanzi kwiplanethi yethu yaziwa njenge hydrosphere. Le hydrosphere iqokelela amanzi kuwo onke amazwe ayo: eqinileyo, engamanzi kunye nomphunga.
Kweli nqaku siza kungena kwi-hydrosphere kunye nokubaluleka kwayo kwiplanethi.
Yintoni hydrosphere
Ihydrosphere yinxalenye yendalo equlethe amanzi kwiplanethi yethu. Kubandakanya amanzi kuwo onke amazwe kunye nasemanzini nangaphantsi komhlaba. Umkhenkce oqokelela kwi iminqwazi yomkhenkce, kuluhlu lweentaba nawo onke amanzi ajikeleza kokubini kumoya nakwimilambo, amachibi kunye nolwandle nazo ziyinxalenye ye-hydrosphere.
I-hydrosphere ineempawu ezibalulekileyo esinokushwankathela ngazo:
- Ubukho kuguquko rhoqo lweepropathi zemichiza yomzimba. Umzekelo, uninzi lwamatye luyanyibilika ngamanzi emvula kwaye lubangela ukwakheka okungakholelekiyo njenge stalactites kunye neestalagmites.
- Inxibelelana rhoqo ne Uqweqwe lomhlaba kwaye iguqula ubume. Olu qweqwe alusoloko lulungiswa, kodwa luyalungiswa ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
- Yinxalenye esisiseko kuninzi lwendalo kwihlabathi liphela. Zombini kwindalo ephilayo naselwandle.
- Amanzi yinto ebalulekileyo ekubunjweni kobomi njengoko sisazi namhlanje.
- Yipesenti encinci yawo onke amanzi afumanekayo ehlabathini anokulungela ukusetyenziswa ngabantu kunye nezinye iintlobo. Nangona kunjalo, ipesenti encinci ixhasa wonke umntu.
Imvelaphi yehydrosphere
Ngexesha lokwenziwa kwezinto zasemhlabeni, amanzi ayekwimo engamanzi kunye neyegesi. Amanzi awayeplanethi yethu, ekuqaleni kwayo yonke into, ayengumphunga nje. Oku kungenxa yamaqondo obushushu aphezulu alawula iplanethi yethu, kuba kushushu kakhulu. Ibhola yomlilo we-incandescent owawunguMhlaba ekuqaleni kwayo yonke into yenze ukuba amanzi angabinakubakho kwelinye ilizwe ngaphezulu komphunga.
Kamva, xa iplanethi yethu yaqala ukuphola, eyayinokujikwa ibe yindawo engamanzi, inike ulwandle kunye neelwandle zehlabathi liphela. Ikwakugodola, kusenza amaqhekeza omkhenkce kunye nee-ice cap Amanye ala manzi ahlala emoyeni njengomphunga wamanzi kwaye abangela ukwenziwa kwamafu.
Le yindlela ekwenziwa ngayo iidipozithi zokuqala zamanzi. Nangona kunjalo, siyazi ukuba amanzi awazange ahlale ehleli kwimbali yomhlaba. Kwelinye icala, ukuhlala ujikeleza kunye notshintsho, sinokuthi ikwi umjikelo wamanzi. Ngenxa yeenguqu ezahlukeneyo ezenzekileyo kwimozulu kule minyaka idlulileyo, ubukhulu beqhwa, amanzi alulwelo kunye nomphunga ziye zahlengahlengiswa. Oku kukhokelele kwiimpawu zendlela ethe yatshintsha ngokuhamba kweminyaka.
Umhlaba ophethe amanzi ukwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumandla omhlaba. Ngaphandle koguquko ngokwasemzimbeni-lwekhemikhali kunye nolwejoloji olunokubakho amanzi, izinto eziphilayo zikwathetha inguqu enkulu kwihydrosphere. Igalelo lezinto eziphilayo kunye notshintsho lweempawu zalo zomzimba zenze utshintsho lwamanzi ngokunjalo. Isenzo somntu sesona siguqule umjikelo wamanzi, kuba sibangele utshintsho kwindlela yokuhambisa, ukucoca, ungcoliseko kunye notshintsho kwimeko yomzimba ngenxa yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu abangelwa kukufudumala komhlaba.
Oko amanzi ajijayo ngenxa yokupholisa kweplanethi, ibilungisa kwaye iguqula ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ubume
Siza kuhlalutya ukwakhiwa kwenyathelo le-hydrosphere ngenyathelo:
- Amanzi aqinileyo. Eli candelo lamanzi eplanethi lelona liqulathe amanzi ezipalini, ikhephu kunye nealpine glace. Umphezulu womkhenkce odadayo waziwa njenge "ice floes" Iseti yamanzi ombuso oqinileyo yaziwa ngokuba yi-cryosphere.
- Amanzi kwimeko engamanzi. La manzi ngawona enza amachibi, amadama, imilambo, ulwandle, iilwandle, amanzi emibhobho, amanzi abalekayo kunye namanzi aphantsi komhlaba. Kwiilwandlekazi nakwiilwandlekazi sifumana ulwandle neelwandle. Kukho ipesenti encinci kakhulu yamanzi ngaphakathi kwezinto eziphilayo.
- Amanzi kwimeko yegesi. Ngamanzi kwimeko yomphunga osemoyeni. Inokwakheka okuthile kunye nevolumu kuxhomekeke kwindawo kunye nexesha lonyaka esikulo.
Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba
Ukukunika umbono, i-hydrosphere yenziwe nge-1,4 trillion km3 yamanzi. Eli nani lamanzi lisasazwa ngale ndlela ilandelayo:
- Iipesenti ezingama-97 ezilwandle nakwiilwandlekazi.
- 2.5% ngohlobo lwamanzi amatsha.
- I-0.5% eseleyo ihanjiswa phakathi kwezinye iindawo.
Enye yeengxaki eziphambili esinazo namhlanje inikezwe yi Ungcoliseko lwamanzi olubangelwa ngabantu. Ngemisebenzi yethu yezoqoqosho sihlisa umgangatho wamanzi siwathoba ekwimeko entle. Akufuneki ukuba, amanzi acocekileyo akabikho naphina emhlabeni. Sihlambela kwaye sijongela phantsi amanzi esiwafunayo ukuze siphile.
Ngethamsanqa, sinakho amandla okuhlaziya amanzi kunye nokunciphisa ungcoliseko. Singawasusa ityiwa kuwo amanzi iilwandle neelwandle ukuyenza isele. Ingxaki kuko konke oku kukuba inkcitho enkulu yamandla kunye nongcoliseko ngakumbi zifunyenwe kwelinye icala. Kuya kufuneka sazi ukuba amanzi abaluleke kangakanani ebantwini nakubomi emhlabeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokufunda ngakumbi malunga ne-hydrosphere kunye neempawu zayo.