Ngokuqinisekileyo uyazi ukuba yintoni umjikelo wamanzi, okwaziwa ngokuba Umjikelo wamanzi. Imalunga nentshukumo eqhubekayo kunye nomjikelo wamanzi kuwo wonke umhlaba wethu. Ukusukela ekuqaleni kude kube sekupheleni komjikelo, amanzi anokuhamba kuwo omathathu la mazwe: ulwelo, okuqinileyo kunye negesi. Inkqubo apho ithontsi lamanzi liqala khona umjikelo kwaye liphele linokuhlala phakathi kwemizuzwana okanye imizuzu ukuya kwizigidi zeminyaka.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi umjikelo wamanzi kubunzulu? Kweli nqaku uza kufunda ngayo yonke into.
Usebenza njani umjikelo wamanzi
Amanzi anokulinganisela eMhlabeni. Kuhlala kukho umlinganiselo ofanayo wamanzi, kodwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunye neemeko. Ngokubanzi, ibhalansi ye-hydrological ihlala ihleli, nangona iimolekyuli zamanzi zinokujikeleza ngokukhawuleza okukhulu.
LiLanga eliqala ukwalathisa kwaye lihambise umjikelo wamanzi ukufudumeza amanzi olwandle neelwandle. Xa amanzi engumphunga ayenyuka enze amafu. Ngeli xesha amanzi akwimo yegesi. Nje ukuba iimeko ezifanelekileyo zibekhona, ziyenzeka imvula. Kuxhomekeke kubushushu bomoya, imvula inokuba kwifom eqinileyo (ikhephu okanye isichotho) okanye kwifom yolwelo (imvula).
Nje ukuba amanzi awe emhlabeni, anokugcinwa ngohlobo lwamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, enze amadama, amachibi, amachibi, amachibi okanye ajoyine umjelo wamanzi ongaphezulu onjengemilambo, imilambo, njl. Ukuba oku kuyenzeka, amanzi aphinda akhokelelwe elwandle apho aya kuphinda abe ngumphunga kwakhona ngemitha yelanga ade enze amafu. Yile ndlela uvalwa ngayo umjikelo wamanzi.
Iinkqubo ezichaphazelekayo kumjikelo wamanzi
Zininzi iinkqubo ezingenelela kulo mjikelo wamanzi kwaye ngawo amanzi agcinwa ehamba rhoqo. Umzekelo, kukho iinkqubo ezithi zenze umphunga wamanzi kwaye akunyanzelekanga ukuba ube ngumphunga wamanzi kulwandle ngenxa yemitha yelanga.
Uhlaziyo zikwiziphumo zamanzi okonyuka komphunga Ivela kwizityalo zombini ngexesha lenkqubo yefotosinthesisi nakumphunga womhlaba.
Xa umphunga wamanzi unyuka emoyeni, amaqondo obushushu abandayo abangela ukuba adibane enze amafu kwihlabathi liphela. Amasuntswana amanzi ngaphakathi kwelifu angqubana kunye ukwenza amathontsi amakhulu. Amaconsi amanzi afuna isiseko se-condensation sokuzibandakanya kunye nokwenza ithontsi lamanzi elikhulu. Isiseko sokunyanzeliswa sinokuba sisiqwenga sesanti, umzekelo.
Ngokuqhubeka kokuqokelelana kunye nokudityaniswa kwamaconsi amanzi, aya esiba makhulu kwaye abe nzima ade awe phantsi kobunzima bawo. Ezi meko zixhomekeke kwi- uhlobo lwamafu Okomzuzu ngamnye kunye neemeko zomoya. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, inkqubo apho ithontsi lamanzi (nokuba likweyiphi na imeko) linokuthatha nezigidi zeminyaka ukugqiba umjikelo ngenxa yoku kulandelayo.
Ixesha elinxulumene nomjikelo wamanzi
Xa ithontsi lamanzi liwa lisuka kwilifu ngendlela eqinileyo enjengekhephu okanye umkhenkce, linokuqokelelana kwimithambo esekwe kumanzi abanzi nakumakhenkce asezintabeni ungonyuki kwakhona kwaye usuke uqinile uye kulwelo kwizigidi zeminyaka. La manzi anokuhlala egcinwe ngale ndlela kwizigidi zeminyaka ukuba iimeko azitshintshi. Ndiyabulela kule nto, izazinzulu zinokufumana ulwazi oluninzi kwii-cap polar zisebenzisa ii-ice cores.
Ukuba imozulu ifudumele, umkhenkce uyanyibilika unyibilike xa kufika intwasahlobo kwaye namaqondo obushushu enyuka. Amanzi anyibilikayo ahamba emhlabeni aze ondle iintlambo nemilambo. Ininzi yemvula kwihlabathi lonke iwela elwandle. Ukuba iyayenza loo nto emhlabeni, inokuba yimijelo yomphezulu womhlaba, okanye ingagcinwa phantsi komhlaba njengamanzi aphantsi komhlaba kunye nokondla ama-aquifer. Inyaniso, kukho amanzi amaninzi ahlala eqokelelwa yinkqubo yokungena ngaphezu kwalowo uqukuqela imilambo namachibi.
Ukuba amanzi ahlala egcinwe phantsi komhlaba, ixesha elithathayo lokuba anyuke ngaphezulu ngokutsalwa ngabantu okanye ukusiwa kwakhona elwandle kwaye ukuphinda abe ngumphunga kwakhona kunokuthatha ukuya kwiinkulungwane.
Xa kungena amanzi kufuneka agcinwe emhlabeni ukuze kugcwalise i-aquifer. Ezi ndawo zigcina amanzi phantsi komhlaba zibaluleke kakhulu kubemi babantu kuba iidolophu ezininzi zibonelelwa ngabo kuphela. Abanye abanye, nangona kunjalo, bayakwazi ukuhlala kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba kwaye bakhule, baphele njengamanzi angaphezulu kunye nolwandle.
Ukubaluleka komjikelo wamanzi ebomini
Umjikelo wamanzi ubaluleke kakhulu kubomi eMhlabeni. Ndiyabulela kubo, ubomi bunokwanda xa unikwe iipropathi. Ivumela iikhompawundi eziphilayo ukuba zisabele ngendlela eqhubeka nobomi kwiplanethi. Njengoko sele uyazi, umzimba womntu wenziwe ngamanzi angama-60-70%, ngaphandle kwayo asinakuphila.
Kukwabalulekile kwizityalo ukwenza ifotosinthesize kunye nokuphefumla. Ukulinganisa i-pH yamanzi kunye nemisebenzi ebalulekileyo yee-enzyme, amanzi yinto ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona, njengoko ubona kwindaleko yezityalo kunye nezilwanyana, iintlobo zokuqala zobomi zavela emanzini. Phantse zonke iintlanzi zihlala emanzini kwaye kukho inani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezanyisayo, izilwanyana zasemanzini kunye nezirhubuluzi kuyo. Ezinye izityalo ezinje ngobulembu ziyaphumelela nakwindawo ezihlala emanzini, nokuba kumanzi amatsha okanye ityuwa.
Njengoko ubona, amanzi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwiplanethi yethu kwaye enkosi kuwo sinokuba nobomi njengoko sibazi namhlanje. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ubuxabise njani obu butyebi buxabisekileyo kodwa ngelishwa, bunqabileyo.