Ngokuqinisekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ebomini bakho ukhe watyelela umqolomba. Imiqolomba mihle, inomdla kwaye ikhethekile imeko yomhlaba apho sinendawo yendalo. Emiqolombeni sinokuxabisa ulwakhiwo lwendalo oluthile olunomtsalane ngobuhle nokungaqhelekanga kwabo. Ezi ndlela zibiziweyo stalactites kunye neestalagmites. Abantu abaninzi bajonga ezi zakhiwo zejoloji njengemisebenzi yokwenene yobugcisa bendalo. Yinto efanelekileyo ukuba uyazi ukuba awukayiboni ngaphambili, ngokuqinisekileyo iyakumangalisa.
Kodwa zahluke njani i-stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites? Zenziwa njani? Siza kuyiphendula yonke le mibuzo kweli nqaku.
Yintoni i-stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites
Nangona inamagama afanayo, kukho umahluko ophawuleka kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ubume bayo kunye nobume bayo bohlukile. I-Stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites zinento enye efanayo: zii-speleotomes. Olu luvo lubhekisa kwinto yokuba ziidipozithi ezithi zenziwe emiqolombeni emva kokusekwa kwazo. I-Speleotomes ivela ngenxa yemvula eneemichiza evelayo ngexesha lokuyilwa kwezinto eziqinileyo kwisisombululo.
Zombini ii-stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites zivela kwiidipozithi ze-calcium carbonate. Ezi zinto zenzeka kwimiqolomba yelitye lekalika. Oko akuthethi ukuba ayisiyiyo imeko apho inokubumba khona kwimingxunya ethile okanye ye-anthropic cyemvelaphi kwezinye iidipozithi ezahlukeneyo.
Umahluko ophambili phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini yindawo. Inye nganye inenkqubo eyahlukileyo yokwakheka kunomnye kwaye, ke, indawo yayo ngaphakathi komqolomba iyatshintsha. Siza kukuhlalutya ngokweenkcukacha, sichaze ukuba yintoni na nganye.
Stalactites
Siqala ngemibandela evela eluphahleni. Ukukhula kwayo kuqala encamini yomqolomba kuye ezantsi. Ukuqala kwe-stalactite yithontsi lamanzi amaminerali. Njengoko amathontsi esiwa, ashiya umkhondo we-calcite ngasemva. I-Calcite yiminerali eyakhiwe ngecalcium carbonate, yiyo loo nto isenza ukuba sinxibelelane namanzi. Ukutyhubela iminyaka, emva kokuwa kwamathontsi alandelelanayo amaminerali, i-calcite engaphezulu nangaphezulu ifakwa kwaye iqokelela.
Xa oku kuxinene, siyabona ukuba iya isiba nkulu ngokuba nkulu kwaye ithatha imilo eyahlukeneyo. Ubume obuqhelekileyo bubume bekona. Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo kukubona inani elikhulu lee-calcite cones ezinamanzi aphuma kwisilingi. Ubungakanani bee-cones buxhomekeke kubungakanani bamaconsi amanzi ajikeleze kuloo ndawo kunye nexesha lokuhamba kwamathontsi okurhuqa i-calcite.
Kunokuthiwa ukuba ii-stalactites zilwakhiwo lwerwala olwenziwe ukusuka phezulu kuye ezantsi. Embindini we-stalactite, kukho umjelo apho amanzi amaminerali eqhubeka nokujikeleza. Yile nto yahlulahlula kwezinye iindlela zokwakheka komhlaba ezinembonakalo efanayo.
IiStalagmites
Ngoku siqhubeka nokuchaza ii-stalagmites. Kwelinye icala, zizinto ezivela emhlabeni kwaye zikhule ziye phezulu. Njengangaphambili, I-stalagmites iqala ukwenza ngokuhla kwe-mineralized nge-calcite. La mathontsi awayo aqokelela idipozithi ze-calcite ngokulandelelana. Amalungiselelo apha anokuhluka ngakumbi kuba engenawo umjelo ophakathi njengama-stalactites apho amathontsi amanzi ajikeleza ngenxa yamandla omxhuzulane.
Umahluko omnye kukuba zikhulu ngakumbi kune-stalactites. Ngenxa yenkqubo yokwenziwa, ii-stalagmites zinemilo ejikeleze ngakumbi kunesimo sekhoni. Kuqheleke ngakumbi ukubona ezinye zenziwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Ezona milo zixhaphakileyo zezi zeemilo ezibhubhu ngqo ezibizwa ngokuba yimacaroni. Olunye ulwakhiwo oluqhelekileyo zii-conulitos (zinesakhiwo esinjengomngxuma obalwayo), iiperile (ezinemilo ejikeleze ngakumbi) kunye nezinye ezingaphezulu.
I-Stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites zihlala zijongana. Kuqhelekile ukubona i-stalactite ngasentla kwaye i-perpendicular to it stalagmite. Oku kungenxa yokuba amathontsi aphuma kwi-stalactite aneempawu ze-calcite ezibekwe emhlabeni ukwenza i-stalagmite.
Zenziwa njani ii-stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites
Siza kuhlalutya inkqubo yokwenziwa kwazo zombini iidipozithi. Njengoko besesitshilo ngaphambili, zenziwa yinkqubo yemvula eyimvula. Ezi zimbiwa zichaphazela amanzi. Ezi zinto zenziwe ngenxa yokuba i-CO2 enyibilikayo emanzini emvula yenza ikhalsiyam carbonate xa idibana nelitye lekalika. Kuxhomekeke kulawulo lwemvula kunye nenqanaba lokungena kwamanzi, ezi zakhiwo ziya kwenzeka kungekudala okanye kamva.
Ngamanzi emvula angena emhlabeni aze achithe ilitye lekalika. Nje ngeziphumo, la amathontsi enza imilo kwezi dipozithi. I-calcium bicarbonate inyibilika kakhulu emanzini kwaye yiyo eyenziwayo emva koqhakamshelwano ne-CO2 eziswa ngamanzi emvula. Le bicarbonate ivelisa indawo apho i-CO2 ibalekayo ethi, xa isabela, inyibilike ngohlobo lwecalcium carbonate.
I-calcium carbonate iqala ukuvela kwimixube ethile ejikeleze indawo apho ukuwa kwehla khona. Oku kwenzeka kuphela kwi-stalactites, njengoko amathontsi esiwa ngenxa yendlela yomxhuzulane ebanyanzela ukuba bawele emhlabeni. Ke, amathontsi aphela echitheka emhlabeni.
Kuphi ukubona ezi zakhiwo
Ngokuqinisekileyo uyakuchukunyiswa ukuba awuzange uzibone ezi ndlela ngaphambili (ezingezizo eziqhelekileyo). Nangona kunjalo, siza kukuxelela iindawo apho unokufumana khona eyona stalactite inkulu kunye ne-stalagmite formations.
Ukuba lolwakhiwo olucothayo, kubo ukuba bakhule nge-intshi kuphela, kuthatha malunga ne-2,5 ukuya kwi-4.000 yeminyaka. Eyona stalactite inkulu emhlabeni inokufumaneka kwiMiqolomba yeNerja, ebekwe kwiphondo laseMalaga. Ziziimitha ezingama-60 ukuphakama kunye neemitha ezili-18 ubukhulu. Kuthathe iminyaka engama-450.000 ukwenza ngokupheleleyo.
Kwelinye icala, eyona stalagmite inkulu emhlabeni ingama-67 eemitha ukuphakama kwaye inokufumaneka kumqolomba waseMartín Infierno, eCuba.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi luphembelele umdla wakho malunga ne-stalactites kunye ne-stalagmites.