Phakathi kweelwandle zomhlaba, i Ulwandle lweArctic lelona zincinci lamanzi nelona lisemantla lamanzi. Ikwaqwalaselwa nolona lwandle lubandayo kwiplanethi yethu kuba uninzi lwamanzi alo lugutyungelwe ngumkhenkce omkhulu unyaka wonke. Ngaphakathi kukho ubomi obulungelelanisiwe kwezi meko zichaseneyo zemozulu ebandayo. Nangona kunjalo, lolunye lolwandle oluchaphazeleka kakhulu ziziphumo ezibi zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala komhlaba.
Kweli nqaku siza kukuxelela zonke iimpawu, indaleko, izilwanyana kunye nezilwanyana zoLwandlekazi iArctic.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Umahluko ophambili onawo ne Ulwandle lweAntartic kukuba ineshelfu yelizwekazi apho umkhenkce ubekwe khona. Kwimeko apho ukunyibilika komkhenkce kuqhubekeka ngeli nqanaba, iya kuba yiPole yaseMzantsi eyonyusa amanqanaba olwandle. I-Arctic Ocean ayinalo ishelufu yelizwekazi, kodwa inamanzi afriziwe kuphela. Oku kubangela ukuba ingqushu yomkhenkce ijikeleze emanzini aphakathi. Le mininzi mikhulu yomkhenkce ijikelezwe lulwandle lonke ebudeni beenyanga zasehlotyeni nasebusika Njengoko amanzi esiba ngumkhenkce, ubukhulu bawo buya kukhula.
Ime kwinxalenye esemantla yommandla okufuphi neArctic Circle. Imida kwimimandla ekufutshane neAsia, iYurophu noMntla Melika. Ukuwela amanzi kunye naye Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngeStrait seFram kunye noLwandle iBarents. Ikwangumda woLwandlekazi lwePasifiki nge-Bering Strait kunye nonxweme lonke lwe-litha e-Alaska, Canada, Northern Europe nase Russia.
Obona bunzulu bayo buphakathi kwe-2000 kunye ne-4000 yeemitha. Inommandla opheleleyo malunga neekhilomitha ezili-14.056.000 zeekhilomitha.
Ukuyilwa kunye nemozulu yolwandle iArctic
Nangona ukwenziwa kolu lwandle kungacaciswanga kakuhle, kucingelwa ukuba kwakudala kwakudala. Kukho iimeko ezigqithileyo zokusingqongileyo ezenza ukuba kube nzima ngezifundo zolwandle. Kuhlala abantu base-Eskimo malunga neminyaka engama-20.000 XNUMX. Aba bantu baye bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko zemozulu ezigabadeleyo ezifumaneka kwezi ndawo. Ukusuka kwisizukulwana ukuya kwesinye baye bakwazi ukugqithisa ulwazi oluyimfuneko ukuze bakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nokuziqhelanisa nobomi kwezi ndawo.
Amathambo afunyenwe kulwandlekazi abonisa ubungqina bento ephilayo engumkhenkce ngokusisigxina. Kuqikelelwa ukuba yenza malunga kwiminyaka engama 70 yezigidi eyadlulayo yayineemeko ezifanayo nezo zoLwandle lweMeditera namhlanje. Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha kunye namaxesha e Ixesha lejoloji olu lwandle lufunyenwe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle komkhenkce.
Amaqondo obushushu aphakathi ebusika koku ukwehla kolwandle kumaxabiso ee -50 degrees, eyenza ukusinda kule ndawo kuyindida. Isimo sezulu se-polar sesinye sezona zibanda kakhulu kwiplanethi, esibangela ukuba sibe nokuzingisa okungaphezulu okanye okuncinci kunye namaqondo aphantsi kakhulu obushushu bonyaka. Yahlulahlulwe kakhulu ibe ngamathuba amabini onyaka malunga neenyanga ezi-6 inye. Makhe sihlalutye izikhululo ezibini ezikulwandlekazi lweArctic:
- Ihlobo: Ngexesha lenyanga yehlobo amaqondo obushushu ajikeleza malunga ne-0 degrees kwaye kukho ukukhanya okuqhubekayo ukusuka elangeni iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku. Kukwakho nenkungu eqhubekayo nekhephu ethintela ukuba umkhenkce unganyibiliki ngokupheleleyo. Ukusukela ngexesha lasehlotyeni kukwakho neenkanyamba ezibuthathaka ezinemvula okanye ikhephu.
- Ubusika: iqondo lobushushu lifikelela kumaxabiso -50 degrees kwaye kukho ubusuku obungapheliyo. Ngeli xesha lonyaka ilanga alibonwa nangaliphi na ixesha. Isibhakabhaka sicacile kwaye iimeko zemozulu zizinzile. Kungenxa yokuba akukho mpembelelo ivela elangeni.
Asinakulibala ukuba esona sizathu siphambili sokubakho kweziganeko zemozulu kungenxa yesenzo selanga. Ke ngoko, ngexesha leenyanga zobusika kukho imeko ezinzileyo kakhulu zemozulu. Ngenxa yeziphumo zotshintsho lwemozulu kunye nokufudumala kwehlabathi, amaqondo obushushu kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni aya enyuka ngokuya ebangela ukunyibilika phantse ngokupheleleyo kweArctic Ocean.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana zolwandle lwaseArctic
Nangona olu lwandle lukwimeko ezigwenxa, kukho izilwanyana ezininzi ezanyanzeliswayo ukuba zihambelane nale mimandla. Uninzi lwazo lunoboya obumhlophe obusebenza njengokufihla nokuzikhusela engqeleni. Unokubala ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi malunga ne-400 yeentlobo zezilwanyana kwaye ziqhelaniswe nokubanda kakhulu kulo mmandla. Phakathi kwezona zaziwa kakhulu sineentlobo ezi-6 zamatywina kunye neengonyama zolwandle, iminenga yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nebhere elimhlophe, elaziwa kakhulu.
Kukwakhona iimollusk ezincinci ezaziwa ngokuba yi-krill ezidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwipiramidi yendalo yaselwandle. Uhlaza lunqabile kakhulu, alwenziwanga mosses kunye ne-lichen.
Iikhephu zomkhenkce ezithi zenziwe kuLwandlekazi i-Arctic zizihlwele ezinkulu ezinomkhenkce. Umphezulu ongenamanzi ukhula kabini ngobukhulu ebusika kwaye ujikelezwe ngamanzi ngumkhenkce ehlotyeni. Ezi cap zihlala zifikelela kwi-2 ukuya kwi-3 yeemitha ubukhulu kwaye ziqhutywa rhoqo ngamanzi nomoya ovela eSiberia. Ekugqibeleni sinokubona iziqwenga zomkhenkce ezingqubana kunye kwaye zidityaniswe ngokupheleleyo. Oku kudala uxinzelelo lokuphakama olungaphezulu kwamaxesha amathathu ubukhulu beeminqwazi ezazenziwe ekuqaleni.
Kunokuthiwa ubutyuwa beli lwandle lolona lusezantsi emhlabeni. Oku kungenxa yokuba umphunga uphantsi kakhulu kwaye amanzi anyibilikayo, amnandi, ayayiphembelela.
Imeko yangoku
Kuqikelelwa ukuba kolu lwandle I-25% yalo lonke ugcino lweoyile, igesi yendalo, i-tin, i-manganese, igolide, i-nickel, ilothe kunye neplatinam ziyafumaneka. Oku kuthetha ukuba i-thaw ivumela ukufikelela kwezi zixhobo njengamandla kunye nomda wobuchule obubaluleke kakhulu kwikamva. Olu lwandle lolona vimba mkhulu wamanzi acocekileyo kwindalo ehlabathini. Ukuncibilika kwayo kubangela ukuphela kwayo okusondeleyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandlekazi iArctic.