El Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantic ngowona mzimba wamanzi ulwandle wesibini ngobukhulu emhlabeni. Igcina ubuninzi beentlobo zezilwanyana kunye nezityalo kuyo. Ihlamba amanxweme amazwe amaninzi kunye namazwekazi amaninzi. Indawo yayo imalunga ne-106.4 yezigidi zeekhilomitha ezizikwere. Olu lwandiso luhlala kwisihlanu somhlaba wonke. Ukubaluleka kolu lwandle kuphezulu kakhulu eluntwini nakwezinye izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kulo. Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku kubunzulu.
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi yonke into enxulumene noLwandlekazi lweAtlantic, nantsi ke siza kukucacisela ngokweenkcukacha.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Olu lwandlekazi lunomphezulu walo omile okwe-basin evulekileyo e-S. Isusela e-Eurasia, e-Afrika ukuya empuma naseMelika entshona. Igubungela phantse i-17% yomhlaba wonke. Yaziwa ngokuba lulwandle olunetyiwa kwihlabathi. Inemimandla yetropiki kunye nomphunga omkhulu ngenxa yamaqondo aphezulu obushushu ngesiqhelo.
Phantse kuyo yonke imimandla yayo, ubunzulu obuqhelekileyo bu malunga neemitha ezingama-3.339. Igcina umthamo wamanzi ayi-354.700.000. Ngokwesiqhelo, awona manzi anetyiwa akwiindawo ezingama-25 emantla nasemazantsi. Kwelinye icala, sifumana iindawo ezishisayo ezininzi apho amaqondo obushushu ephezulu, amaqondo aphezulu okonyuka komphunga ngexabiso lawo. Ukongeza, kwezi ndawo apho amanzi anyakama abe ngumphunga ngobuninzi, kubakho imvula encinci. Emantla eikhweyitha kulapho kufumaneka khona awona manqanaba asezantsi etyuwa, kuba amazinga okonyuka kolophu ngaphantsi.
Ngokubhekisele kubushushu bayo, iyahluka ngakumbi ngokuxhomekeke kububanzi esikuko. Njengesiqhelo, ngama-2 degrees, kodwa kukho iindawo apho ngaphezulu kwaye kwezinye apho kungaphantsi. Kwimimandla esecaleni okanye kufutshane nabo, iqondo lobushushu lamanzi, ngakumbi ngaphezulu, liphantsi, ngelixa kwimimandla yetropiki iphezulu.
Uncedo kunye nemozulu
Ngexesha lika-Agasti nango-Novemba, kuLwandlekazi lweAtlantiki kuqala inqanaba lenkanyamba. Oku kubangelwe kukunyuka komoya omninzi oshushu ophezu komhlaba kunye nokuxinana kwawo emva koko xa kudibana nenginginya yomoya obandayo. Inkanyamba izondla ngamanzi ngokwawo ade aphule umphezulu womhlaba, apho aphelelwa ngamandla. Kancinci kancinci sijika sibe sisaqhwithi setropiki, de ekugqibeleni sinyamalale. Ngokwesiqhelo, iinkanyamba zenzeka kunxweme lwaseAfrika kwaye ziye ngasentshona kuLwandle lweCaribbean.
Ngendlela eyandisiweyo, Olu lwandle lunendawo ethe tyaba yolwandle. Nangona kunjalo, inezintaba ezithile, ugcino, amathafa kunye nemiwonyo. Eyona nto ininzi ngamathafa enzonzobila apho ezinye iintlobo ziguqulelwa ngakumbi kwimeko ezihlala kuzo. Enye yeentaba zayo ezidumileyo yiMid-Atlantic. Yandiswa ukusuka kuMantla e-Iceland ukuya kuma-58 degrees South latitude. Olu luhlu lweentaba lububanzi obumalunga neekhilomitha ezili-1.600.
Ulwandlekazi lweAtlantiki lwahlulwe ngemimandla yemozulu exhomekeke ubukhulu becala kububanzi obukhoyo. Iindawo ezinemozulu efudumeleyo zezo zikwiAtlantic yomntla weikhweyitha. Ngelixa ezona ndawo zibanda zikwindawo ephezulu apho umphezulu wolwandle ugqunywe ngumkhenkce.
Las Imisinga yolwandle ezikuLwandlekazi lweAtlantic zinceda ukulawula imozulu yelizwe. Kungenxa yokuba ihambisa amanzi ashushu nabandayo kweminye imimandla ukuze ikwazi ukuwahambisa ngcono. Ukuba eliqhekeza lebhanti lokuhambisa, imozulu yehlabathi iya kuba sengxakini engenakulungiseka. Kukho intetho eninzi nge imiyaka yomkence.
Iindawo ezingqonge olu lwandle zichaphazeleka yimimoya ejikelezayo epholisayo okanye efudumeleyo xa uvuthuza kulomsinga wolwandle. Umoya, xa uhambisa ukufuma kunye nomoya oshushu okanye obandayo, isebenza njengomlawuli wokutshintshiselana ngokufudumeleyo kunye namandla.
Iintyatyambo kunye nezilwanyana
Ukuqala ngezilwanyana, sifumana ulwandle oluneentlobo ngeentlobo zezilwanyana zaselwandle. Sifumana zombini izilwanyana ezinomqolo kunye nezilwanyana ezingenamqolo. Phakathi kwezilwanyana ezineyona ndawo inkulu yokuhambisa kolu lwandle sinayo:
- IiWalrus
- Ihlengethwa lokujikeleza
- Manatee
- I-stingray enamabala
- Ityhuna ebomvu
- Ukrebe omkhulu omhlophe
- Ufudo oluhlaza kunye nesikhumba
- Umnenga ongasemva
- Orca okanye umbulali whale
Kwelinye icala, sinezigidi zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo. Uninzi lwazo zihlala emhlabeni okanye kufutshane nomphezulu womhlaba, kuba zifuna ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze zenze ifotosinthesisi. Elwandle, kukho umahluko obaluleke kakhulu ekufuneka uthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuphile izityalo. Imalunga ne-irradiance. Umahluko yile nto ubala ubungakanani bemitha yelanga echaphazela izityalo. Nzulu kakhulu, sifumana inani elincinci lemitha yelanga echaphazela izityalo. Ngale ndlela, ifotosinthesisi ayinakubakho kwaye nezityalo aziphili. Olu tshintsho luchaphazeleka kakhulu kukungazinzi kwamanzi. Kumanzi anamafu okanye ahambayo athwala amasuntswana odaka, inani lokukhanya kwelanga elingeneyo lincinci, ngenxa yoko izityalo ziya kubandezeleka ngakumbi.
Sinokufumana inani elikhulu lezityalo ngasemva. Banokuphila kakuhle njengoko bedada ngokukhululekileyo emanzini. Sineentlobo zezityalo zaselwandle, i-phytoplankton okanye ingca yolwandle. Le phytoplankton sisimo sesityalo esisisiseko esisebenza njengokutya kwizigidi zeentlanzi kunye nezinye izilwanyana zaselwandle.. Kwiindawo zeCaribbean, iingqaqa zekorale nazo ziqhelekile. Ezi zonakaliswe kakubi ziziphumo zokutshintsha kwemozulu.
Ukubaluleka koLwandlekazi lweAtlantic
Olu lwandle lubaluleke kakhulu ekubeni yindlela yonxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwekazi. Inedipozithi ebalulekileyo yeoyile kunye negesi yendalo, amatye eentlenga abekwe kwi Iishelufa zelizwekazi kwaye ukufumana ubukhulu becala lwezixhobo zokuloba. Amanye amatye axabisekileyo akhutshwa kuwo. Ngokuchitheka kweoyile, uxhalabile ngekamva lakho malunga nomgangatho wamanzi akho.
Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi ungafunda ngakumbi malunga noLwandlekazi lweAtlantic kunye nazo zonke iimpawu zalo.