La Nguva yeCenozoic kutanga ne Paleogene nguva y chidimbu cheiyo geologic timescale. Saka zvakatanga iyi nguva yakatambanudza makore emamirioni makumi matanhatu nematanhatu akapera uye akapera angangoita makore makumi maviri nematatu apfuura. Iyi nguva yenguva shanduko yezvinyama zvaive zvinoshamisa kwazvo kunyangwe hazvo vaifanira kushanduka kubva kumarudzi madiki. Mhando idzi dzaive diki muhukuru kana tikazvienzanisa nemadinosai aive mu cretaceous nguva.
Mune ino chinyorwa tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, mamiriro ekunze, maruva nemhuka zvenguva yePaleogene.
Mhando huru
Zita rekuti Paleogene rinobva kune echinyakare mafomu ehupenyu hwazvino. Kana tichitaura nezvehupenyu hwazvino tinosimbisa zvese zviripo kubva panguva yeCenozoic. Pakutanga kwePaleogene pakanga paine kusagadzikana kutaura naye geological level mushure mekutsakatika kwemadinosaurs kumagumo kweCretaceous.
Munguva iyi, North America neGreenland zvakazoparadzaniswa nenyika yeEurasia. Kutenda neizvi, iro Gungwa reNorway rakagadzirwa. Iri gungwa rakavapo kwemakore angangoita mamirioni makumi matanhatu. Panguva iyoyo mamwe makungwa akafamba nenzira yavo, senge Indian Ocean uye Atlantic. Nekuda kweizvi, yaikwanisa kuwedzera nenzira yekuti mhando dzezvirimwa nemhuka zvikwanise kushanduka zvakasiyana. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti yega yega mhuka yakagadziriswa kune imwe ecosystem.
Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana ezvakatipoteredza, mhando dzinoita mabudiro akasiyana siyana kuti dzirarame mumhoteredzo.
Paleogene Geology
Kana isu tisingareve kuAustralia neIndia tinokwanisa kuona kuti vaifamba nenzira yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva nekuda kwekufamba kwenyika. Iyo inofungidzirwa kumhanya kwekufamba kwemakondinendi aya aive anosvika masendimita matanhatu pagore. Sezvo zvave zvichiratidzwa neazvino geological zvidzidzo, iyo mwero wekukwira makondinendi wakadzikira zvakanyanya nekufamba kwenguva.
Uku kusimuka munzira yekuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kwakakonzera kana kupatsanurwa kweAntarctica kwakasara padyo nedanda rekumaodzanyemba kubva kwakatangira Pangea. Makore makumi mana emamiriyoni gare gare, India yakanga yatove kuda kupatsanuka kubva kuAfrica uye yaizodhumhana neAsia kuti ibatanidze nekuumba iyo eHimalaya. Kudhumhana uye kuumbwa kweHimalaya kwaive chikonzero chekuvhara gungwa regungwa guru reTethys. Izvi zvakaitika makore angangoita makumi mashanu nemaviri emakore apfuura.
Shanduko mumamiriro ekunze
Munguva yese yePaleogene pakanga paine shanduko dzemamiriro ekunze dzakadai sekutonhora mumatunhu akadzika. Panguva iyoyo, kuumbwa kwemarasha uye e geological zvivakwa senge Alps uye yakakura nzvimbo yeAndean makomo muSouth America yakatangawo.
Uku kutonhora hakuna kuona nyika yedu mushure mekutsakatika kwe Triassic. Kutenda nekudzikira kwetembiricha yepasirese, kutonhora kwenguva pfupi kwepasi rese kwakatenderwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, Sezvo nguva yePaleogene yakafambira mberi, tembiricha yepasi yakawedzera zvakare. Nekuda kwekuwedzera uku kwekushisa, pasi rakatanga kuve nzvimbo inopisa munzvimbo zhinji. Munzvimbo idzi mamiriro ekunze anga akatosiyana nemamwe.
Izvo zvipenyu zvaifanirwa kujairana nemamiriro ekunze. Ivo vakakwanisa kusara zvisinei nekutsakatika kwakaitika munguva yadarika. Imwe yeaya taxa aive angiosperms.
Flora nemhuka
Mhuka dzakawanikwa panguva iyoyo dzaichengetwa nezvinhu zvakafanana nezvazviri kuwanikwa nhasi. Pakati pavo, bhiza, monkey, zvimwe zvakasiyana zvezvirimwa uye zvimwe zvemhuka zvinoonekera. Mushure mekutsakatika mukupera kweCretaceous, mhando zhinji dzemammalia dzakasimukira. Mhuka idzi dzakakwanisa kusiyanisa, dzikave mhando dzakasiyana papasi.
Imwe yemhando dzakakoshesa dzemhuka dzakange dziri mhuka dzinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva kuenda kuHomo sapiens.
Paleogene Matanho
Nguva yePaleogene yakakamurwa kuita nhatu nguva dzakasiyana nehunhu hwe geology, maruva nemhuka nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana. Aya matanho matatu anotevera: Paleocene, Ecoene y Oligocene.
Paleocene
Yekutanga danho rine makore emamirioni makumi matanhatu nemashanu uye rakagara kusvika makumi mashanu emamiriyoni emakore. Munguva ino nhanho, rakazara boka rePangea kondinendi rakaitika. Mahwendefa ese etekoni akaparadzaniswa pakupedzisira akaparadzaniswa neAntarctica neAustralia. Nharaunda diki dzemhuka dzemanheru dzaivapo senge mbiri inodyisa uye inonaka. Pano tinowana makonzo, shiri uye zvinokambaira izvo zvaizopona munguva ino.
Ecoene
Iyi nhanho yakatora kubva pamamiriyoni makumi mashanu nematanhatu emakore kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi matatu nemana emakore. Pano iyo yose yeWestern Hemisphere yaive kumuka kwemakomo akakura maseru nekurovera kwema tectonic mahwendefa. Kunze kwakange kuchipisa uye kwakanyorovera panguva ino. Musiyano wetembiricha wakaratidza equator, meridian nematanda. Kana iri mhuka, mhuka dzechinyakare senge marsupials uye lemurs dzakaonekwa.
Oligocene
Iyi nhanho yakatora kubva pamamiriyoni makumi matatu nemana emakore kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi maviri nematatu emakore. Panguva ino geology yakanangana nekuvhara nzvimbo kumucheto kwekumabvazuva kweTethys Ocean. Zvese izvi zvaiitika apo Australia yakabonderana neIndonesia neplate yeNorth America yakatanga kuwanda pamusoro pePacific Ocean. Nezve mamiriro okunze, tembiricha yepasirese yakachengetedzwa nenzira yepasi uye ine mwando. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo tsika yakanga ichichinja yakanangana nekutonhora kwepasirese nekusvika kwezera rechando. Padivi remhuka tinowana zvipuka zvakaenda kutora matanho akakosha mukusimudzira kwavo. Mhuka dzinoyamwisa. Ivo vakagadzwa kuti vatonge hupenyu hwese hwepasi pano pasi. Imwe yemienzaniso yakakosha ingamera diki uye nzou dzekutanga dzaive dzisina meno. Uyezve, mauto ake aive mapfupi.
Sezvauri kuona, iyo Paleogene nguva yakatakurwa nekuvandudzwa kwezvisikwa zviviri nemhuka uye zvinonakidza padanho regiological. Pakupera kwePaleogene, kukura kwejuru kwakatanga, kwakazochinja kuve munhu wazvino. Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Paleogene nguva.