Mukati menguva Cenozoic tinosangana ne Paleocene nguva iyo yakatangira kubva pamamiriyoni mazana matanhatu emakore apfuura kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mashanu emakore apfuura. Yaive iri mukati menguva yePaleogene uye inozivikanwa neshanduko dzakakomba dzaivepo papasi. Iyo Paleocene fauna yaizivikanwa nedanho rekutsakatika kwemazhinji edinosaurs uye nemamiriro ezvinhu ane hukasha. Pakati peino nguva, mamwe mamiriro akagadzwa kuitira kuti nyika igadzikane uye inogona kupa kusimukira kwemiti yakawanda nemhuka.
Muchikamu chino tichaudza iwe nezve zvese hunhu uye shanduko yemhuka dzePaleocene.
Paleocene nguva
Munguva iyoyo nyika yaive ichishingaira kubva kune iyo geological maonero. Iyo Continental Drift yakaenderera nekufamba kwayo kuti ipatsanure iyo super kondinendi inozivikanwa sePangea uye makondinendi akatamira akananga kunzvimbo yavari nhasi.
Kana zviri zvekusiyana-siyana, yaive nguva inenge yakawanda nemhuka nezvinomera. Iwo mapoka emhuka akapona mukutsakatika kwenguva yakapfuura akakwanisa kuchinjika kune akasiyana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza. Kubva pano, ivo vanopararira, vachigara munzvimbo hombe dzevhu uye vachisiyana kuita marudzi uye genera.
Tichifunga nezvekuita kwakanyanya kweiyo geological nguva ino yakaratidzirwa, isu tine mamwe matectonic mahwendefa akatanga kufamba kwavo panguva ye cretaceous uye vakapedzisira vagara mune dzimwe nzvimbo mukati mePaleocene. Mamiriro ekunze akakonzerawo kumwe kutonhora kwakanyanya uko Vakakonzera shanduko huru mukuvandudzika kwemhando dzezvinhu zvipenyu nenzvimbo yavo yekugovera nenzvimbo.
Biodiversity uye nemiti
Sezvo iyo Paleocene yakatanga pakarepo mushure mekuita kwekutsakatika kwakawanda papuraneti, akawanda marudzi aifanira kurarama nekuenderana nemamiriro matsva. Kutsakatika kukuru uku kwakakonzera kuti zvisikwa zvipenyu zvaifanira kusiyanisa zvese mundima uye neshanduko. Mazhinji eaya marudzi aripo akazove mhando nyowani hukuru pasi.
Iyi nzira yekutsakatika kwemazhinji ndiyo yakanyanya kudzidza uye kuzivikanwa munhoroondo uye inozivikanwa se iyo Cretaceous uye Tertiary mashoma kutsakatika. Iko pano izvo zvakawanda zvezvisikwa zvepasi rese zvakatsakatika uye ma dinosaurs anomira kunze.
Kana iri maruva ePaleocene tinowana michero yakawanda ichiri kuenderera nanhasi. Mimwe yemiti yakasimukira panguva ino yaive yemichindwe, conifers, uye cacti. Izvi zvakawanikwa nekuda kwemafossil zvinyorwa akaunganidzwa nenyanzvi. Kwaivewo nenzvimbo uko fern yaive chirimwa chakawanda kwazvo.
Sezvo mamiriro ekunze aivepo panguva yePaleocene yaipisa zvakanyanya uye yakanyorova vakafarira kukura kwenzvimbo hombe dzevhu dzine miti yemashizha uye magedhi akajairika epakutanga emvura inonaya masango nemasango. Uku kukura kwenzvimbo dzinopisa dzinowanda, hunyoro tembiricha uye huswa hwakakura hunogona kubvumidza kuoneka kwemhuka nyowani.
Conifers akatonga nzvimbo dzese idzo tembiricha yaive yakadzikira. Aya maConifers akawedzera kumatunhu ari padyo nematanda. Imwe yemiti yakaramba ichienderera nekusiyana kwavo yaive angiosperms. Izvi zvinomera zvinochengetwa nhasi.
Paleocene fauna
Kana zviri zvipenyu zvePaleocene, isu tine mhuka zhinji dzaifanira kukunda chiitiko chekutsakatika kweyekupedzisira Cretaceous. Mhuka dzaigona vapone ivo vakave nemukana wekusiyanisa kuwedzera kuburikidza nenyika dzakasiyana pasi rese. Ivo kunyanya vakatora mukana weichi chiitiko chekuti ma dinosaurs aive atovepo, aya ari iwo makara makuru pasi rese. Idzi mhuka dzinodya dzimwe dzakakwikwidza zviwanikwa zvezvakatipoteredza, saka kuvepo kwema dinosaurs, kusiyanisa uye kugara kwenharaunda kwaive nyore.
Pakati pemapoka emhuka dzaive dzemhuka dzePaleocene uye dzakapararira muchikamu chikuru dzaive mhuka, shiri, zvinokambaira nehove. Tichaongorora imwe neimwe yadzo.
Reptiles
Zvinokambaira raive boka remhuka dzakapona pakuwedzeredzwa uye dzakafarirwa nemamiriro ekunze aivepo panguva ino. Mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza akavatendera kuti vapararire pamusoro penzvimbo zhinji dzakazove dzakakodzera kurarama kwavo.
Pakati pezvinokambaira yakawanda yakawanda campassosaurs inotungamirwa, iyo yaigara munzvimbo dzinogara mumvura. Muviri wavo waive wakafanana newemadzvinyu mahombe uye vaive nemuswe murefu une zvidimbu zvina zvidiki. Mimwe yeiyi mienzaniso inogona kuyera kusvika kumamita maviri pakureba uye meno avo aikwanisa kuvhima mhuka yavo nekusununguka kukuru. Nyoka nenjiva zvakare zvakave nekukura kwadzo panguva iyi.
bird
Shiri dzePaleocene dzakagara pasi rino uye ivo vakawedzera nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushisa munzvimbo dzinopisa. Shiri dzerudzi rweGastornis, dzinozivikanwa seshiri dzinotyisaVakanga vakakura asi vasina kugona kubhururuka. Hunhu hukuru hwerudzi urwu ndohwekuti vaive nemuromo muhombe uyo waive wakasimba kwazvo. Maitiro avo aidya uye vaive zvikara zvinotyisa zvemhuka zhinji.
Munguva yese iyi yenguva, mhando zhinji dzeshiri dzinoramba dziripo nhasi dzakasimukira uye dzakabuda nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze. Pakati peboka iri reshiri tinowana hove, zizi, hangaiwa uye dhadha, pakati pevamwe.
Paleocene fauna: hove uye zvipuka
Munguva yekutsakatika kwevakawanda kweCretaceous, chikamu chikuru chemhuka dzegungwa uye ese ma dinosaurs emugungwa akanyangarika. Izvi zvakatungamira mukukwikwidza kushoma munzvimbo yegungwa uye zvakakonzera kuti shark ipararire kuva nyowani nyowani. Mazhinji ehove anoramba aripo nhasi akaita kutaridzika kwavo panguva ino.
Kana zviri zvemhuka, ndiro raive rakabudirira kwazvo boka mukati memhuka dzePaleocene. Vakazvimiririra vakamira, monotremes uye marsupials. Izvo zvakasangana iboka rezvipuka zvine hunhu hukuru kukura kwe "fetus" mukati maamai. Kutaurirana pakati pavo kunosimbiswa nekuda kwembambo netambo. Muboka iri mune makonzo, mandimu uye nyama, pakati pevamwe.
Marsupials rimwewo boka rezvinyamusi izvo mukadzi anopa rudzi rwehombodo inozivikanwa nezita rekuti marsupium. Pano tinowana kangaroo uye yakanga isina vamiriri vazhinji muPaleocene. Pakupedzisira, monotremes dzaive mhuka dzine hunhu hwakafanana nezvinokambaira neshiri. Muviri wavo wakafukidzwa nechidzitiro asi ivo vane oviparous. Heano platypus uye echidna.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pemhuka dzePaleocene.