Mukati menguva ye Mesozoic Pakave nenguva nhatu dzakaratidza misiyano mukushanduka kwepasi redu: Triassic, Jurassic y Cretaceous. Pamutsetse wekuparadzanisa waivapo pre-Triassic nguva, iyo Permian, chiitiko chekutsakatika kwemazhinji kwakaitika padanho repuraneti izvo zvakaita kuti 95% yezvose zvipenyu zvipere. Izvi zvakaita kuti Triassic fauna inomiririra chimwe chinhu chekugadzirisa patsva pahupenyu hwese hwepasi. Mhando shomashoma dzakakwanisa kupona nekutsakatika kwakawanda kwaifanirwa kuchinjika kune nyowani dzepasi nepagungwa.
Naizvozvo, isu tiri kuzotsaurira ichi chinyorwa kukuudza iwe zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive nezvazvo Triassic fauna.
Kubudirira kweiyo Triassic maruva
Zvisinei neiyi nzira yekutsakatika kwakawanda padanho repuraneti, paive nemhando dzakawanda dzezvisikwa dzaikwanisa kuchinjira kumarudzi matsva ehupenyu uye, zvishoma nezvishoma, nekufamba kwenguva ivo vaikwanisa kusiyanisa. Munguva yese iyi, zvirimwa zvakaumba masango makuru uye ndiwo ma dinosaurs akatanga kutonga pasi. Idzo dzaive mhuka dzinotonga kwese kwese kwagara, zvese pasi, mhepo uye gungwa.
Tiri kuzopa pfupi pfupiso yekuvandudzwa kwemaruva munguva ino. Pakutanga kweTriassic, zvirimwa zvakawanda zvakatsakatika kubvira mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akange asiri iwo akakodzera kwazvo kuti agadziriswe uye akasiyana nenzira kwayo. Ichi ndicho chikonzero zvirimwa zvinogona kuchengetedzwa mushure menguva yekutsakatika zvinogona kusiyanisa nyore nyore nekuti degree remakwikwi rakanga rakadzikira zvakanyanya. Miti yacho yaigona kuchengetedzwa uye kusiyaniswa muhuwandu hwakawanda yainyanya kuve yeayo eboka remajimniperms.
Izvi zvinomera zvinozivikanwa sembeu isina mbeu. Mukati meiyi boka remiti, maConifers uye cycads anomira kunze. Vamiririri ve genus gingko uye ferns vaive zvakare vakakosha. Conifers aimiririra boka rezvirimwa zvine huni, gobvu uye semusangano unodzivirira. Mashizha awo aigara akasvibira uye achiwanzo monoecious. Izvi zvinoita kuti mitezo yavo, zvese murume nemukadzi, pavanenge vachibereka, ive mumunhu mumwe chete.
Kune rimwe divi, ma cycads aive iwo maiti ane huni yehuni yaive isina chero mhando yematavi. Mashizha awo aive kumagumo epical echirimwa uye aive dioecious. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kune vakaparadzana varume nevakadzi vanhukadzi. Gingko aive akawandisa munguva ino uye chete maGingko biloba marudzi anorarama nhasi. Chekupedzisira, ferns yaive zvirimwa zvevascular izvo zvaitove zveboka repteridophytes uye zvine phloem uye xylem.
Kubudirira kweiyo Triassic fauna
Iyo inomiririra fauna yenguva ino yakaumbwa nemapoka maviri: zvinokambaira uye dinosaurs. Ndiwo ma invertebrate aikwanisa kuwana budiriro huru padanho rezvakatipoteredza zvemumvura. Dzimwe mhando dzezvinokambaira zvakare zvakagadzirwa munzvimbo dzemumakungwa uye dzakakwanisa kutonga yakawanda yemakungwa.
Kana iri mhepo, zvimwe zvinokambaira zvakatanga kucherechedzwa izvo zvaive nezvimwe zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza uye zvakakwanisa kubhururuka. Kuti vaite izvi, vaida akasiyana maatomical shanduko kuchinjisa maoko avo nemitezo kuti vatize.
Tichaenderera mberi nekuvandudza zvese zvipenyu zveiyo Triassic.
Terrestrial Triassic fauna
Mukati mezvisikwa izvi, mapoka akati wandei emhuka dzine hunhu hwakasarudzika: mammalian zvinokambaira uye dinosaurs.
Mammalian zvinokambaira
Iri boka raizivikanwa nezita rekuti therapsids. Muchimiro chemuviri taigona kuona idzi mhuka dzaive musanganiswa pakati pembwa nedzvinyu. Makumbo avo aive akareba chaizvo achienzaniswa nemuviri wese asi iwo aive nemiswe mipfupi. Mazino aive nemhando dzakasiyana dzechimiro zvichienderana nekudya kwemarudzi ese. Apo kudya kwacho kwainyanya kuve nyoka, tinogona kuona kuti mazino ainyanya kukura kuburikidza nehunhu. Ma molars anonyanya kushanda kuti akwanise kupwanya zvirimwa. Zvisinei, kana chikafu chacho chaive chakazara, waiona kusimukira kuri nani kwemigwagwa uye zino rebutcher.
Triassic dinosaurs
Dinosaurs anofungidzirwa kuve akaonekwa mukati menguva ino yese. Pakati peanomiririra madinosaurs tinoona iyo prosauropods uye theropods. Tichavaongorora zvakadzama.
Prosauropods
Idzo dzaive mhuka dzine huwandu hukuru uye idzo dzaive nemutsipa nehurefu hwakareba. Iyo yakareba haina kukura senge herbivores aigara panguva yeJurassic nguva. Maziso ake epamberi aive asina kusimba kupfuura ake ekumashure. Mukati meiyo prosauropods maive nemamwe mapoka maererano nemhando. Vakakurumbira vaive Mussaurus uye Sellosaurus.
Zvidhori
Aive mamwe mapoka emadinosaurs akamira panguva iyi. Raive boka revanodya dinosaurs. Pakati pehunhu hwayo hukuru tinowana pipette gait uye yakanyanya kusasimukira forelimbs. Hukuru hwemhando idzi hwaive hwakasiyana zvichienderana neecosystems kwaachawanikwa. Sezvo shanduko yemhuka yakatangira kutsakatika kwemazhinji, kugadziriswa kwemajini kwaiitika nekukasira kukuru. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti nharaunda dzaive dzakachinjika munguva idzodzo uye kuti maruva aivewo neakasimudzira.
Mimwe mhando ye theropods Ivo havana kudarika mita asi vamwe vaikwanisa kusvika kusvika pamamita gumi nemaviri. Mimwe yemhando dzakakurumbira dzetropod dzaive Tawa neEuroraptor.
Mvura yeAgatic Triassic
Munharaunda yemvura, zvipembenene zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya. Ivo vaimiririrwa nemamollusk pakati pavo maimire gastropods, bivalves uye cephalopods. Mamwe makorari akagadzirwawo pagungwa.
Zvinokambaira zvemumvura zvakare zvakave nebasa rakakura panguva ino. Notosaurus ine uye ichthyosaurs anomira kunze. Nezve zvinokambaira zvemuchadenga paivewo neboka rezvinokambaira rakakura zvakanaka zvinekuremekedza vamwe Uye ndezvekuti ivo vakakwanisa kuburitsa mhando yema membreni ayo akatambanuka kubva padanda rawo kusvika kumusoro kwayo kumusoro. Mitezo iyi yakaita kuti akwanise kubhururuka. Muboka iri mune maPterosaurs aive akavharira uye aine muromo wakareba. Kudya kwavo kwaidya.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve mhuka dzeTriassic.