Mukati menguva yeMesozoic pane nguva nhatu dzinopatsanura zviitiko zvakasiyana zvakaratidza kutanga nemagumo zvese padanho rezvigadzirwa Nguva yekutanga ndeyeTriassic uye nhasi tiri kuzotarisa pane yechipiri nguva yeMesozoic. Izvo ndezve Jurassic. Iko kupatsanurwa kweiyo geological timescale iyo yakatanga angangoita mamirioni makumi maviri nemana emakore apfuura uye ikapera makore angangoita mamirioni zana nemakumi mashanu apfuura Sezvo nezvakawanda zve geologic eras, ese ekutanga uye ekupera kwenguva haana kunyatsoita.
Muchikamu chino tichaenda kukuudza zvese hunhu, geology, mamiriro ekunze, maruva uye mhuka dzeJurassic.
Mhando huru
Inguva yenguva iyo zvimwe zviitiko zvakakosha zvakaitika pasi rose uye iri mushure meTriassic uye pamberi peCretaceous. Zita rekuti Jurassic rinobva kune carbonate sedimentary mafomu akaitika mudunhu reEuropean reJura, iri muAlps. Nekudaro zita iri ndiJurassic. Munguva yese iyi imwe yeakatanhamara maitiro ayo anomiririra ndeyekuwanda kwemadinosaurs makuru (ayo mafirimu mazhinji akagadzirwa) uye kupatsanurwa kwenyika yepamusoro Pangea mumakondinendi eLaurasia neGondwana.
Australia yakabvaruka kubva muchikamu chinonzi Gondawana panguva yeUpper Jurassic uye yekutanga Cretaceous. Nenzira imwecheteyo, Laurasia yakakamurwa kuita zvatinoziva nhasi seNorth America neEurasia, zvichipa mhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka dzinoyambuka senge mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza akachinja kwavari ese.
Jurassic geology
Iyi nguva ye geological inonyanya kukamurwa kuita yepazasi, yepakati neyepamusoro. Aya ndiwo maawa anozivikanwa mukati menguva. Yakapihwa mazita ekuti Lias, Dogger, uye Malm. Munguva yeJurassic mwero wegungwa wakasangana neshanduko dzinoverengeka asi chete panguva yemukati. Tatova muJurassic yekumusoro, kumwe kusarudzika nekukurumidza kunogona kucherechedzwa mune imwe nguva yenguva yakazokonzera kukwira kwenzvimbo yegungwa, zvichikonzera mafashama enzvimbo hombe muNorth America neEurope.
Munguva ino tinogona kunongedzera kumatunhu maviri ebiogeographic ari mune izvo zvatinoziva nhasi seEurope. Imwe inozivikanwa seTethys kumaodzanyemba uye imwe bhora kuchamhembe. Ese matombo emakorari aifanirwa kudzikisirwa chikamu chikuru mudunhu reTethys. Shanduko yaivapo pakati pemapurovhinzi maviri iyi yaive mune iri kunzi Iberian Peninsula.
Iyo geological rekodhi yeiyo Jurassic nguva yakanaka kwazvo, kunyanya kumadokero kweEurope. Uye ndezvekuti muchikamu chino chekondinendi paive nekuteedzana kwakakura kwemakungwa kunoratidza nguva iyo yakawanda yekondinendi iyi yakanyudzwa pasi pemakungwa enzvimbo dzinopisa nekudzika kudiki. Nekuda kwemukurumbira unowanikwa munzvimbo dzakanyudzwa, inozivikanwa seNyika Heritage yeJurassic Coast uye lagerstätten yeHolzmaden neSolnhofen.
Jurassic mamiriro ekunze
Munguva iyi, zvirimwa zvainge zvakajairwa nemamiriro ekunze anodziya ndizvo zvakapararira kunenge kuzere nyika. Miti iyi yakakwanisa kuwedzera kusvika pamadhigirii makumi matanhatu pakureba. Dzese maruva aive ekumaodzanyemba kweGondwana cleavage, kuchamhembe kweSiberia aisanganisira akawanda mapoka eeferns aikwanisa kumirisana nechando chakasimba. Nhasi, hama dzemazuva ano dzeva ferns hadzikwanise kuenzanisa chando uye tembiricha yakadzika kazhinji.
Zvese izvi zvekuvapo kwekushisa kwakanyanya zvakakonzera kuti nzvimbo dzeJurassic dzakapfuma muhuswa kupfuura idzo dzeTriassic. Kunyanya, pakanga paine yakawanda yakawanda zvinomera munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Sezvo kwaipisa chaizvo uye kwakanyorovera mamiriro ekunze akabvumidzwa kuwedzera kumasango ese, masango nemasango akaumba huwandu hwenzvimbo inowanzoitika mumafirimu eJurassic. Aya ndiwo masango anotangawo kupararira pasi rese uye mhuri dzakadai semaconiferi akafanana nemapini uye araucarias anomira, achiperekedzwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzefern nemichindwe. Zvirokwazvo idzi nzvimbo dzese dzakazara neshure zvinomera dzichayeuka mamwe maJurassic mafirimu.
Flora nemhuka
Munguva yeJurassic nguva, maruva aive nehukama hwepasirese, kunyanya kumatunhu akakwirira. Haasi chete masango epasirese akazara nemaConifers uye ferns akawandisa, asi ginkgo nemabhiza emabhiza zvaivepowo. Munguva iyi, zvirimwa zvine inflorescence zvisati zvaonekwa. Isu tinorangarira kuti, kusvikira zvino, zvirimwa zvakapararira pasi rose ndezveboka reboka remajimu, ndiko kuti, izvo zvisina maruva.
Kuparadzaniswa kwemaruva munzvimbo yese yepasi chiratidzo chechokwadi chekuparadzaniswa kwaivapo pakati penzvimbo dzekuchamhembe neekuchamhembe. Kuvandudzwa kwemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana kwakakonzerwa nekuvapo kwezvipingamupinyi zvegungwa zvaivepo pakati pekuchamhembe nekumaodzanyemba. Izvi zvipingamupinyi zvegungwa zvakagadziriswa neakanyanya tembiricha gradient yaienda ichibva kunzvimbo zhinji yedanda kuenda kuEquator. Aya anopisa gradients anga asiri akadzika sezvazviri nhasi kunyangwe pasina humbowo hwechando chePolar panguva yeJurassic. Izvi zvinoreva kuti fungidziro yekuti tembiricha yaive yakakwira uye ndiyo yaive chikonzero chekupararira kwerudzi urwu rwezvirimwa inosimbiswa zvakare.
Maruva aive kure neEquator aienderana nenzvimbo dzinodziya dzenzvimbo uye zvese izvi nzvimbo dzeJurassic dzakadaidzwa nezita rekuti Cycadophyta. Masango eGinkgo uye maviri maConifer akatarisa nzvimbo yese. Chazvino chinosara asi zvirimwa zvine maruva echokwadi zvakange zvisipo. Izvozvowo zvaive zvechokwadi nemiti yakaoma yehuni.
Kana zviri zvipenyu, ma dinosaurs akapararira pasirese panguva ino, achive mhuka dzakatekeshera pasi pano panguva yese yasara.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezve iyo Jurassic.