Nguva yeMesozoic: zvese zvaunoda kuti uzive

Sezvo ndaona zvese zvine chekuita naye Precambrian eon, tinofambira mberi munguva yekushanya the Mesozoic. Kutevera nhungamiro dze nguva yegeological, iyo Mesozoic inguva inozivikanwa sezera rema dinosaurs. Inosanganisira matatu matatu anonzi Triassic, Jurassic uye Cretaceous. Munguva ino, zviitiko zvakawanda zvakaitika papuraneti redu iro ratichaona zvakadzama mukati meichi posvo.

Iwe unoda kuziva here zvese zvakaitika muMesozoic? Ungofanire kugara uchiverenga.

Nhanganyaya

Iyo Mesozoic yakaitika pakati peinenge Makore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri nemashanu emakore uye zvakapfuurira kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi matanhatu emakore apfuura. Iyi nguva yakagara zvachose makore anenge mamirioni zana nemakumi masere. Munguva yekufamba kwenguva ino mhuka dzemhuka dzakagadzirwa, dzakasiyana, uye dzakakunda nzvimbo dzese dzePasi.

Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwenzwi shanu, kuratidzwa kutsva kwekushanduka kwechinhu kwakatanga kugadzirwa. Nezvo izvi zvinotanga kushanduka kwenhengo sedanho rakakura rekushanduka. Uropi inhengo inopa hukuru hukuru munhoroondo.

Nucleus yemasero inova pakati pekubatana uye kugashira ruzivo rwese. Inoonekwa seuropi yemasero, asi iri kutanga kutaura nezvehuropi muhove. Panguva ino shanduko inoteedzana yemamphibian, zvinokambaira, shiri uye zvipuka zvinoitika umo uropi huri kukura nekudzidziswa kubata huwandu hweruzivo.

Munguva ino makondinendi nezvitsuwa zvakaunganidzwa muPangea zvinotanga kutora zvishoma nezvishoma chitarisiko chazvino. Makuru mafiro orogenic haaitike uye mamiriro ekunze anowanzo gadzikana, anopisa uye ane hunyoro. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei zvinokambaira zvasvika padanho rinoshamisa kusvika padanosaurs. Ukuru hwemhuka idzi hwaive hukuru uye, nekuda kwekuwanda kwavo kukuru, iyo Mesozoic inozivikanwa zvakare seNguva yeZviruva.

Zvipuka uye dinosaurs

Zvimwe zvinokambaira zvakadzidza kubhururuka. Izvo zvinofanirwa kutaurwa kuti, semumazera ese uye nguva, kwaive nekutsakatika kwemapoka akakura emhuka senge trilobites, graptolites uye hove dzehondo.

Kune rimwe divi, iyo mhuka nemhuka zvakavandudzwa. Gymnosperms yakaonekwa (zvinomera zvevascular zvinoumba mbeu asi zvisina maruva) Izvi zvinomera zvakabvisa ferns. Pakupera kweZera, zvirimwa zvinonzi angiosperms zvakaonekwa. Ndiwo akanyanya kushanduka evascular zvirimwa zvine ovary nembeu yakavharirwa mukati mayo. Mukuwedzera, vane maruva nemichero.

Uku kusvetuka kukuru kwakakanganisa hupenyu hwemhuka, sezvo zvirimwa zviri izvo sosi huru yekudya uye kurarama kweakawanda acho. angiosperms zvakare ari ekugadzirisa zvinhu zvevanhu, nekuti ruzhinji rwezvirimwa kutenderera pasirese zvinobva kwavari.

Iwo makuru zvinokambaira kana zvinonziwo dinosaurs zvakazara pasi nemhepo kwemamiriyoni emakore. Idzo dzaive mhuka dzakasimukira kwazvo. Kuguma kwayo kwakauya nekupera kwekupedzisira kweMesozoic. Munguva yekutsakatika kwakawanda uku, mapoka makuru emhuka dzeshure akanyangarika.

Sezvatakambotaura, nguva yeMesozoic yakakamurwa kuita nhatu nhatu: Triassic, Jurassic, uye Cretaceous. Ngatione imwe neimwe zvakadzama.

Nguva yeTriassic

Yakatora nzvimbo inenge Makore 245 kusvika 213 emakore. Munguva iyi nguva yekutanga maammonoid akazvarwa. Dinosaurs aioneka uye akasiyana. Makore anosvika mazana maviri nemakumi matatu emakore apfuura, mahudyu akadzoreredzwa akakwanisa kuchinjira kumhanya kumhanyisa. Uye zvakare, anenge makore makumi maviri nemashanu emakore apfuura pterosaurs yekutanga (zvinokambaira zvinokambaira) zvakabuda.

Iyo Triassic inoratidza kutaridzika kwemhuka dzekutanga dzechokwadi uye shiri dzekutanga. Shiri dzakasimuka kubva kune dzinodya, dzakareruka, bipedal dinosaurs. Iwo maDinosaurs akakwanisa kuburitsa mumhepo uye kukunda nharaunda yemhepo. Kune izvi, iwo ekumberi akachinjwa kuita mapapiro ekubhururuka uye hindlimbs dzakatetepa nekureruka.

Kune rimwe divi, muviri wake wakafukidzwa neminhenga inodzivirira uye isina mvura uye zvishoma nezvishoma ikava diki uye yakareruka. Hupenyu hwake hwese hwakagadziriswa kwakawanda kana kushoma kwenguva refu nendege.

Kana iri nyika, miti yakawanda kwazvo yaive yakasvibira, kazhinji conifers uye ginkgos. Sezvatakambotaura, panguva yeTriassic, Pangea yakakamurwa kuita maviri makuru makuru anonzi Laurasia naGondwana.

Nguva yeJurassic

Nguva yeJurassic yakaitika kanenge Makore 213 kusvika 144 emakore. Sezvauri kuona mumabhaisikopo, iyi yaive nguva yegoridhe yemadinosaurs. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti mamiriro ekunze anopisa uye anonyorova uye anofarira kukura kwayo. Kukura kwemiti inofadza uye kuwanda kwayo kwakafarirwawo.

Sezvo makondinendi paakakamukana, makungwa akakura nekubatana, nepo mvura yegungwa isina kudzika uye inodziya yakatambanuka muEurope nedzimwe nzvimbo. Pakupera kweJurassic, makungwa aya akatanga kuoma, achisiya hombe matombo emabwe akauya kubva kumakorari matombo uye zvisikwa zvegungwa.

Chikamu chenyika chaitongwa nemadinosaurs, nepo huwandu hwemadhomaini emumvura hwakakura senge ichthyosaurs uye plesiosaurs. Sezvatakambotaura, madinosaurs akakwanisa kupararira nenzira dzese nhatu dzinogona. Zvipfuwo zvakaramba zviri zvidiki panguva yese iyi. Makorari anoumba matombo akakura mumvura isina kudzika kubva kumahombekombe.

Cretaceous Period

The Cretaceous yakaitika anenge Makore zana nemakumi masere nemashanu kusvika makumi matanhatu nemashanu. Inguva iyo inoratidza kuguma kweMesozoic uye kutanga kwe Cenozoic. Munguva iyi pane hukuru hwakatsakatika kutsakatika kwezvinhu zvipenyu umo madinosaurs anonyangarika uye 75% yevose vasina mafuro. Shanduko nyowani inotanga zvichienderana nemaruva emiti, zvipuka uye shiri.

Masayendisiti anofungidzira zvikonzero zvekutsakatika. Pfungwa yakapararira ndeyekuti kune shanduko mumamiriro ekunze, mhepo uye giravhiti zvaive zvichiitika panguva ino, zvakawedzerwa kudonha kwemeteorite hombe padunhu reYucatan. Iyi meteorite yakachinja zvakanyanya hupenyu hwePasi uye yakakonzera kutsakatika nekuda kwekushomeka kwekuenderana nemamiriro matsva. Neichi chikonzero, mutsetse wekushanduka wePasi wakanangana nekusiyana kweshiri uye zvipuka.

Neruzivo urwu iwe uchakwanisa kuziva zvakawanda nezveMesozoic.