Tinodzokera kumashure panguva yePaleozoic munguva yayo yekupedzisira. Zvayo ndezve Permian. Iyo Permian inguva inoonekwa seyakakamurwa chiyero cheiyi nguva yegeological. Yakanga iri nguva yakatanga makore angangoita mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemapfumbamwe akapfuura uye ikapera makore mazana maviri nemakumi maviri neshanu apfuura. Sezvo mune akawanda mageological nguva akaitika papasi rino, zvidimbu ndizvo izvo zvinotsanangura kutanga uye kupera kwenguva yakatarwa.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuudza nezveese maficha ezviitiko uye zviitiko zvakaitika panguva yePermian.
Mhando huru
Uku kuziva kuti mavambo nemagumo enhambo yejuzi hazvina kunyorwa zvakakwana. Kutenda kune iyo strata ivo vanogona kuzivikanwa vangangoita vane makore mangani. Kupera kwenguva yePermian kunoratidzwa nekutsakatika kukuru kwakaitika zvakanyatsojeka pazuva iri. Iyo Permian inotungamirwa nedzimwe nguva senge iyo Carboniferous uye inoteverwa nedzimwe nguva senge iyo Triassic.
Izita rePermian rakakonzerwa nenzvimbo hombe uye dzakakura dzakawanikwa mudunhu rakakomberedza guta rePerm muRussia. Idzo dzimba dzekuchengetera idzo dzakawanikwa dzinonyanya kuve tsvuku tsvuku ine macontinent sediment uye akadzika kwazvo emvura kufumurwa.
Munguva yese iyi paive nekuchinja kukuru kwemamiriro ekunze pasirese yepasi zvine kukosha kwakanyanya. Maitiro akajairika aive kubva kune yekunze inotonhora kusvika kune yakaoma uye yakaoma mamiriro. Saka, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti maitiro etembiricha panguva ino ari kuwedzera. Munguva yePermian pakanga paine kupokana kwemachakwi nemitumbi yese yemvura yepamusoro.
Mazhinji emiti ferns nemaamphibian ayo aida mamiriro akanyorovera akatanga kudzoka kwavo. Uye ndezvekuti kana mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza asina kunaka nguva yekuenderana nemamiriro matsva ezvakatipoteredza yakanyanya kuomarara. Maferns ane mbeu, zvinokambaira, uye zvinokambaira mammalian ndizvo zvakagara nhaka yePasi.
Permian Geology
Mazaya echando akange atovepo panguva yeCarboniferous akatove munzvimbo yekumaodzanyemba polar yeGondwana. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha yepasirese, aya maaizi echando akadzikira pamwe nePermian. Munguva iyi iyo Hercynian orogeny inogona kuvandudzwa kuvonga kune yakakwira danho rekuzeya chiitiko. Sezvo ma tectonic mahwendefa aifamba nenzira yakanyanyisa, iyi orogeny yaigona kuumba, izvo zvakatungamira mukuumbwa kwekondinendi huru inonzi Pangea.
Nguva iyi payakatanga, nyika yedu yaive ichiri kutambura kubva kumagumo echando. Izvi zvinoreva kuti matunhu ese ePolar akafukidzwa nemazaya echando. Mwero wegungwa panguva yePermian yaiwanzove yakaderera. Mubatanidzwa pakati peSiberia neEastern Europe waivapo mukati me Ural makomo chii chakaburitsa mubatanidzwa unenge uzere wedunhu rose repamusoro unonzi Pangea.
MuSoutheast Asia tinowana iyo chete yakakura ivhu revhu rakakamurwa kubva kune vamwe uye raizoramba rakadaro panguva ye Mesozoic. Pangea yaive paEquator uye yakatambanudzwa yakanangana nematanda ane zvinoenderana kana mumafungu egungwa. Panguva ino munguva yegeological paive negungwa hombe rainzi Panthalassa. Iyi gungwa inoonekwa se "gungwa repasirese." Paive zvakare negungwa rePaleo Tethys, riri pakati peAsia neGondwana. Iyo kondinendi yeCimmeria yakaumbwa kubva mukuparadzaniswa pakati peGondwna uye kutsaukira kuchamhembe. Izvi zvakatungamira mukuvharwa kwakazara kwegungwa rePaleo Tethys. Aya ndiwo marambiro egungwa nyowani pakupera kwezuva rinozivikanwa seTethys Ocean iyo yaizotonga yakawanda yeMesozoic.
Mamiriro ekunze ePermian
Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwetembiricha yepasirese, paive nenzvimbo dzakakura dzemakondinendi dzakagadzira mamiriro ekunze aine mutsauko wakanyanya pakati pekupisa uye kutonhora. Idzo nzvimbo dzakatarisana nemamiriro ekunze anotonhora ndidzo dzatinoti nhasi kondinendi yekunze Mumamiriro ekunze aya maive nemamiriro ekunze emvura nemwaka wekunaya kwemvura.
Kune rimwe divi, munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akamira nekuve nekupisa kwakanyanya tinowana magwenga akapararira. Mamiriro akaomarara aifarira kuwedzera uye hupamhi mukuparadzirwa kwemajimnosperm. Idzi ndidzo mbeu nembeu dzakapoteredzwa muvharo rekudzivirira iro rine mwero mukuru wekupona mumamiriro akaoma. Zvirimwa zvakaita seTehran maferns anoda kuti vaparadzire ma spores avo uye vaine kudzikisira kwakanyanya.
Miti inogona kunge yakawedzerwa mukati memamiriro ekunze ePermian iwo aive conifers, ginkgoes uye cycads. Mwero wegungwa kazhinji waigara wakadzikira. Izvi zvakakonzera kuti zvisikwa zviri pedyo nemahombekombe zvakaganhurwa nekubatana kweanenge makondinendi makuru mukondinendi imwe yepamusoro.
Ichi chikonzero chingangove chakakonzera chikamu chekuparara kwakapararira kwemhando dzegungwa pakupera kwenguva ino. Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuderedzwa kwakanyanya kwenzvimbo dzemahombekombe dzine yakadzika nzvimbo yepamusoro iyo yainyanya kufarirwa nezvisikwa zvakawanda zvegungwa kurarama nekuwana chikafu.
Nekuda kwekuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakakosha dzemakomo senge iyo Hercynian yakabatsira kutsigira kusiyanisa kwemamiriro ekunze mupasi rese. Zvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvemuno zvakaumbwawo, zvichiita kuti makomo matsva achangoumbwa awedzere kufarira kusarudzwa kwemamiriro ekunze. Kana zviri zvematunhu ePolar, anga achiri matunhu anotonhorera uye maequator aidziya.
fauna of
Mhuka dzegungwa dzaive dzakafanana panguva yeDevonia neCarboniferous kunze kwemapoka akati wandei ezvipenyu akafa mukutsakatika kukuru. Ikoko kwaive nekushanduka kwakanyanya kwakakwana kwezvipembenene zvemazuva ano. Iwo marine akachengetedzwa akawanikwa kubva kumhuka dzePermian dzakapfuma muzvisaririra zvebrachiopods, echinoderms uye mollusks.
Iyo phytoplankton yaive neacitaritaros uye yakaramba ichienderera kunyangwe yaisakwanisa kuwanikwazve kupera kukuru kwekuguma kweDevónico. Yakanyanya kupararira yaive maammonoid uye vamiririri vakuru vemautiloid akaonekwa. Iwo ekutanga mapoka echinyakare ehove akange atonyangarika senge placoderms uye ostracoderms akaonekwawo.
Ndinovimba kuti neruzivo urwu unogona kudzidza zvakawanda nezvePermian.