Makomo atinoenda kurondedzera nhasi anoonekwa semuganhu wepanyama pakati pemakondinendi eEurope neAsia. Ndezve iyo Ural makomo. Ivo vane akakura ezvakaitika uye ehupfumi kukosha uye vari kumadokero-epakati nzvimbo yeRussia. Isu tinotaura kuti ine kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi sezvo iri sosi yezvicherwa zviwanikwa uye iri imwe yenzvimbo dzekare dzemakomo. Isu tinorangarira kuti zera renzvimbo dzemakomo dzinoyerwa neiyo nguva yegeological uye izvo zvinoraira yakawanda yeiyo inguva yeiyo mwana wevanhu.
Muchikamu chino tiri kuzokuratidza hunhu hweUral Makomo, maruva nemhuka uye kukosha kwavo mune zvehupfumi uye nhoroondo.
Mhando huru
Chimiro chegomo iri hachiwanzoitika pakati pemamwe marudzi emakomo. Kana tikazvienzanisa nemamwe masisitimu emakomo senge himalayan gomo renzvimbo, ine inenge yakatwasuka chimiro. Izvi hazvisi zvakajairika mukuumbwa kwemakomo. Nzvimbo yeUral Yakave ichishandiswa kuwana zvicherwa, mafuta uye mabwe anokosha. Saka ndipo panoreva kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi.
Sezvo iri gomo renzvimbo neyakare kare, madhiri emafuta agara akatsiga uye akakwana pakuburitsa nekushandisa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuburitswa kwemamwe zvicherwa kwakashandawo kusimudzira hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzakakomberedza makomo aya.
Kunyangwe zita regomo renzvimbo pachayo risingazivikanwe, mamwe marekodhi kubva muzana ramakore rechi XNUMX nerechi XNUMX anotorwa kubva kune mumwe mutauro weTurkey. Aya makomo aisazivikanwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwakawanda kwazvino nhoroondo yeEuropean. Geographer kubva pakati peAsia vaitova neruzivo rwakakura nezve zvese zvine chekuita neUral Makomo kubvira muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Nguva yemakomo akafungidzirwa pakati pemamirioni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu, inoonekwa seimwe yemakomo ekare-diki papasi redu. Iine hurefu hwemakiromita mazana maviri nemazana mashanu uye upamhi hwemakiromita zana nemakumi mashanu mune zvimwe zvikamu zvakakurisa. Kuwedzera kwaro kunosiyana kubva kuArctic yemahombekombe tundra kuenda kuUral Rwizi uye kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweKazakhstan.
Sezvo iine hukuru hukuru, inoparadzaniswa nenzvimbo nenzvimbo dzakadai se Polar Urals, Subpolar Urals, Maodzanyemba Urals, Central Urals, uye Maodzanyemba Urals. Aya ndiwo marongero akazara emakomo akasarudzika nemabhureki kuti zvive nyore kusarudza nzvimbo yezvimwe zvinhu.
Tsananguro yezvikamu zvayo
Muchikamu che subpolar ndipo patinogona kuwana nzvimbo dzemakomo nenzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo uye huwandu hwemazaya echando. Zvichienderana nenzvimbo iyo kukwirira kunosiyana, asi kazhinji iri pakati pe1000 ne1500 metres. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, makomo haasi chimwe chinhu kunze kwezvikomo zvakapusa.
Yepamusoro soro iyo yainayo ndeyeNarodnaya, iyo ingangoita 1895 metres kumusoro. Imwe yematanho akatanhamara ndeye Telposiz ine 1617 metres. Nekuda kwemamiriro ekunze nehunhu hwayo, mativi ekuchamhembe kweUral Mountains haana chinhu uye haakwanise kurimwa imomo. Pasina ivhu rinokwanisa kutsigira zvirimwa nehuswa zvichipiwa sinou yakaoma uye chando mamiriro, ine nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzisina matombo. Munzvimbo yePolar Urals, nguva yechando inowanzo gara kwemwedzi minomwe. Ichi chinhu chisingawanzoitika, asi kupihwa mamiriro ekunze nenzvimbo, ino nguva inowanzo kuwedzerwa.
Iyo subpolar chikamu ine yakasarudzika nzvimbo ine yakawanda yeakafumurwa metamorphic uye sedimentary matombo. Izvi mhando dzedombo izvo zvinoumbwa nekudzokororwa kwemachira echando uye kuumbwa kwegore negore kwechando chitsva pamusoro pemakore nemakore.
Iinewo nzizi dzinoverengeka dzinoyambuka gomo rese. Chikamu chekumadokero emakomo ane nzizi dzeKama neBélaya. Kumaodzanyemba kune Rwizi rweUral, inova iyo inoyerera ichipinda muCaspian Sea.
Kuumbwa kweUral Makomo
Inofungidzirwa seimwe yemakomo ekare-pasi paPasi. Zera rayo rinofungidzirwa pakati pemamiriyoni mazana maviri nemakumi matatu nemazana matatu emakore. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe makomo ane mukurumbira senge Himalaya, iyi haina makore anodarika 250 miriyoni. Naizvozvo, MuUrals, yakakura mamiriro ekukukurwa inowanzo cherechedzwa kwemakore akawanda kudaro, ichikanganisa mamiriro ekunze echando, nyungudika, mhepo, kunaya, nezvimwe.
Makomo akatanga kuumbika pakatanga nhanho dzekupedzisira dzakavharwa negungwa. Izvi zvaikonzerwa nekuparadzaniswa kwePangea. Iyo tectonic plates takaita kumwe kurovera kwakakonzera kuti goko racho ribonderane kuita maUral Mountains.
Geologists vanofunga kuti yakatanga kuumbwa panguva yekupedzisira Carboniferous nePermian. Yaive, panguva iyoyo, yaizivikanwa semucheto weiyo supercontinent inozivikanwa saLaurasia. Kubonderana kwevhu kukwira kwakatora mamirioni emakore makore umo goko rakasimudzwa zvakakwana uye makomo akaumbwa. Kwemakore anga achidonha uye zuva rekuumbwa kwaro rinogona kunge rakanyorwa. Pane zvinopesana, maHimalaya achiri nemusoro wawo "mutsva" asina kupfeka, izvo zvinoratidza vechidiki vepamusoro pavo.
Kunyangwe zvese zvaitika, chimiro chemakomo eUral haana kuwana shanduko zhinji. Kazhinji, tinogona kuiwana yakachengetedzwa. Tichifunga kuti ine zviwanikwa zvihombe zvakadai semaminerari nenzira yakakura uye yakawanda, kukosha kwehupfumi kwayakange iine nguva yese iyi kwakakwira. Pakati pezvicherwa zvakawandisa zvatinogona kuwana ndeizvi mari yemhangura, kabhoni, manganese, goridhe, iron, nickel, aluminium uye potasium.
Flora nemhuka
Kune zvakare hupfumi hukuru hwemiti nemhuka zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzezvakatipoteredza mamiriro atinowana muchikamu chega chega. Ku maodzanyemba kwegomo renzvimbo tinowana chakavanzika chemiriwo ine mhando dzakasiyana siyana. Zvakawanda muchikamu chepakati kune taiga uye dzakasiyana siyana masango uye, kuchamhembe kweGungwa reCaspian, tinowana masango uye semi-magwenga.
Kana iri mhuka, isu tinowanawo hukuru hwakasiyana-siyana. Isu tinowana mhando dzehove, dzakasiyana-siyana dzisina mvura, mhuka, zvinokambaira, amphibian uye shiri. Imwe yemhando dzakakurumbira ndeye reindeer.
Ndinovimba ruzivo urwu runokubatsira iwe kuti uzive zvakawanda nezve eUral Makomo.