Zamanin Eocene

Ofaya daga cikin zamanin da suka kafa zamanin Paleogene na zamanin Mesozoic shi ne Eocene. Wannan shine ɗayan lokuta tare da canje-canje masu girma daga mahangar ƙasa da nazarin halittu. Duk tsawon wannan lokacin, an samarda manyan tsaunuka sakamakon karo da manyan taro na duniya. Wadannan talakawan nahiyoyi suna ta motsawa sakamakon tasirin Gudun daji.

Saboda mahimmancin wannan lokacin don cigaban rayuwa, zamu sadaukar da wannan rubutun don bayyana duk abin da kuke buƙatar sani game da Eocene.

Babban fasali

Kodayake kamar yana da sabani da abin da muka ambata a farko, lokaci ne na rabuwa, tun lokacin da babban yankin Pangea, wanda har zuwa yanzu shi ne kadai filin ƙasa, yana raba kusan gaba ɗaya. Manya-nau'ikan flora da fauna sun samo asali kuma sun banbanta, gami da tsuntsaye da wasu dabbobin daji.

Jimlar tsawon wannan zamanin shine kimanin shekaru miliyan 23, an rarraba a cikin shekaru 4. Lokaci ne na chanji wanda duniyar tamu ta samu sauye-sauye masu yawa daga mahangar kasa, mafi daukar hankali shine wanda muka ambata na babban yankin Pangea, wanda ya banbanta ya samar da nahiyoyin da muka sani a yau. Hakanan lokaci ne mai cike da girma al'amuran yanayi masu tsananin muhimmanci kamar taron Azolla.

Eocene Geology

A wannan lokacin duniyarmu ta sami babban aikin ilimin ƙasa wanda ya haifar da rarrabuwa na Pangea. Yankin arewacin da aka sani da Laurasia ya yadu sosai kuma ya haifar da rabuwar abin da aka sani a yau kamar Greenland, Turai da Arewacin Amurka. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan gutsutsuren na yankin Pangea yana motsi saboda ƙauracewa nahiya har zuwa sanya shi a matsayin da yake a yau.

Wani yanki na Afirka, wanda aka sani da yankin ƙasashen Indiya ya yi karo da na Asiya. Wannan shine abin da aka sani a yau a matsayin Larabawa. Yana da mahimmanci cewa a farkon zamanin Pliocene akwai wasu gutsuttsura na Pangea waɗanda har yanzu suna da haɗin kai. Koyaya, godiya ga tasirin guguwar nahiya, duka ɓangarorin sun rabu. A gefe guda, Antarctica tana tafiya kudu kuma ta mamaye matsayin da take a yanzu. A gefe guda, Ostiraliya ta ɗan canja arewa.

Game da jikin ruwa, akwai canje-canje a cikin igiyar ruwa ba tare da tekuna ba saboda motsi na waɗannan manyan ƙasashen. A gefe guda, Tekun Tetis ya ƙare yana ɓacewa saboda kusancin da ya kasance tsakanin nahiyar Afirka da Eurasia. Akasin haka ya faru da Tekun Atlantika. A wannan halin, wannan tekun yana kara fadada kuma yana kara samun kasa saboda gudun hijirar da Arewacin Amurka yayi ta hanyar yamma zuwa yamma. Tekun Fasifik ya kasance mafi zurfin kuma babbar teku a duniya kamar yadda take a yau.

Dangane da Eocene orogeny, zamu ga cewa lokaci ne tare da babban aikin ƙasa wanda a ciki aka samar da adadi mai yawa na tsaunuka waɗanda suka rage a yau. A cikin karo da muka ambata tsakanin abin da ke Indiya a halin yanzu tare da yankin Asiya, shi ne ya kafa sarkar dutsen da ke da manyan kololuwa a duniya da aka sani da Cordillera del Himalaya. Arewacin Amurka ma yana da mahimmin aiki wanda zai haifar da samuwar tsaunuka Appalachians.

Yanayin Eocene

Yanayin damina yayin zamanin Pliocene ya kasance mai kwanciyar hankali. A farkon wannan lokacin, temperaturearancin zafin yanayi mafi ɗanɗano na kusan digiri 7-8 a kan matsakaita. Wannan haɓaka kawai ta kasance cikin farkon farawa. A wannan lokacin an san shi da matsakaicin iyakantaccen yanayin zafi na Paleocene. A ƙarshen Eocene, wani abin da ya faru ya faru wanda ya canza yanayin yanayin da ke akwai sosai. Ana kiran wannan taron Azolla.

Inara yawan zafin jiki a farkon Pliocene ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 55 da suka gabata. Yayin wannan aikin, da ƙarancin kankara a doron ƙasa. A wuraren da daskararrun wurare suka wanzu a yau, akwai yanayin yanayin yanayin gandun daji. Bugu da kari, an yi amannar cewa karuwar yanayin zafin duniya hayaki ne na iskar carbon dioxide a cikin sararin samaniya saboda tsananin aikin dutsen.

Duk waɗannan yanayin muhalli suna daidaitawa tare da shudewar lokaci kuma yanayin yana sarauta azaman ƙarancin yanayin zafi da ƙarancin ruwan sama. Koyaya, tare da shudewar lokaci waɗannan yanayi sun zama kamar sun daidaita kuma hazo ya dawo ya yawaita. Saboda wadannan yanayin duniya ya zama mai ɗumi da dumi, ya kasance cikin yawancin Eocene.

A tsakiyar Eocene wannan yanayin da muke kira Azolla ya faru. Wannan raguwa ne a yanayin zafi sakamakon raguwar yanayin yanayi na iskar carbon dioxide. Wadannan yanayin sun haifar da yaduwar yaduwar wani nau'in fern da ake kira Azolla folliculoides, saboda haka sunan wannan taron.

Flora da fauna

Yanayin muhalli na duniya ya ba da damar kyakkyawan ci gaban nau'ikan halittu, dabbobi da tsirrai. A zamanin Eocene akwai yalwa da bambancin rayayyun halittu saboda yanayin danshi da dumi.

Game da flora, akwai canje-canje sanannu sanannu saboda yanayin yanayi. Akwai yalwar dazuzzuka da gandun daji da ɗan shaidar sandunan saboda yanayin yanayin zafi mai yawa. Tsarin halittu kawai wanda aƙalla akwai tsire-tsire da yawa sune waɗannan tsarukan halittu na hamada.

Game da fauna, kungiyoyin dabbobi sun bazu sosai, musamman tsuntsaye da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Tsuntsayen sun yi nasara kwarai da gaske saboda kyakyawan yanayin muhalli kuma wasu daga cikin wadannan nau'ikan sun kasance masu saurin farauta da rukunin halittu biyu. Akwai rukunin tsuntsaye wadanda aka siffantasu da babban girma wanda aka tabbatar dashi sakamakon wanzuwar kasusuwan tarihi.

Ina fatan cewa tare da wannan bayanin zaku iya ƙarin koyo game da zamanin Eocene.