Dutsen Appalachian

A yau mun zo da wani batun mai ban sha'awa da ban mamaki na ilimin geology. Bari muyi magana game da Dutsen Appalachian. Yankin tsauni ne mai matukar mahimmanci wanda ke tsakanin North Carolina da Amurka. Sunansa a Ingilishi shi ne tsaunukan Appalachian kuma yana da tsaunukan tsaunuka masu ƙimar ilimin ƙasa da yanayin ƙasa. Yana da tsarin da yawa tare da kololuwa waɗanda suka wuce mita 1000 sama da matakin teku.

Shin kana son sanin duk mahimman fasaloli da asirai game da tsaunukan Appalachian? A cikin wannan sakon zaku iya gano komai. Yakamata ku ci gaba da karatu 🙂

Babban fasali

Kodayake duk kololuwar sa ta kai kimanin mita 1.000 sama da matakin teku, amma akwai wani tsauni wanda ya yi fice sama da sauran. Labari ne game Dutsen Mitchell kuma tana cikin North Carolina. Tana auna mita 2037 kuma ita ce matattara mafi girma a duk Arewacin Amurka.

Asalinta ya faru ne a ƙarshen zamanin Paleozoic yayin samuwar Pangea. Pangea ba wani abu bane face babban yankin da ya samu a duniyar tamu wanda kuma har zuwa lokacin kusan kusan duk fuskar duniya tana wanzu a lokacin. Wannan sananne ne saboda ka'idar Nahiyar Nahiyar de Karin Wegener.

Tunda Arewacin Amurka yana da alaƙa da Turai da Arewacin Afirka, tsaunin tsaunin da ke da Appalachians ɓangare ne da tsaunin iri ɗaya kamar yadda a zamanin yau a Spain an san shi da las Villuercas da Atlas a Maroko.

Yayin da lokaci ya ci gaba kuma nahiyoyin suka sauya bayan karyewar Pangea, shi ma ya karye kuma don haka ne ma ya samar da zangon tsauni na yanzu. Yana da ban mamaki cewa a nahiyoyi daban-daban guda uku a halin yanzu akwai tsaunin tsauni tare da halaye iri ɗaya, wanda ya samo asali lokacin da babban yankin Pangea ya haɗu da duk duniya.

Tattalin arzikin Appalachian

Wannan tsaunin tsafin shine mai nuna babbar albarkatun kasa kuma, don haka, albarkatun tattalin arziki ga al'umma. Waɗannan su ne manyan abubuwan ajiyar kwal na anthracite da ƙananan ƙarfe. 'Yan asalin Pennsylvania suna kula da hakar da amfani da kwal. Filin suna yamma zuwa tsakanin Maryland, Ohio, Kentucky da Virginia. Duk waɗannan rukunin yanar gizon suna cike da ajiyar gawayi.

Akwai hanyar hakar kwal cewa yana yin haɗari ga saman dutsen Appalachian. Kuma ita ce cewa akwai hanyar kawar da dutsen a hakar kwal wanda ke haifar da lalata manyan yankuna da mahimman halittu na yankin tsaunin. Abin da wannan hanyar ke yi ita ce kawar da saman dutsen tare da babban abun cikin carbon don rage haɗarin hakar ma'adinai da haɓaka yanayin ma'aikata.

Gano wadannan wuraren ajiyar kwal ya faru ne a shekarar 1859 kuma daga nan ne aka fara sayar da masana'antar zamani da isa wadannan wurare. Hakanan an gano kwanan nan gas ɗin gas na kasuwanci, don haka masana'antar mai ta juya idanunta zuwa Appalachia.

Gaskiyar ita ce, abin takaici ne cewa rukunin yanar gizo mai irin wannan kimar ta dabi'a da tarihi ga Duniya ta wannan hanyar ta hannun mutum ya lalace. Dole ne kuyi tunanin cewa irin wannan jeri na tsaunuka yana riƙe da ɓangare mai mahimmanci na binciken Duniya.

Fiye da tsaunuka 500 da aka ƙone an ɗauka don sanya wuraren fasa duwatsu da amfani da gawayi har zuwa matsakaicin. Waɗannan ayyukan suna haifar da asalin shimfidar wuri ba za a iya sake ganowa ba. Yawancin rushewar da aka yi a cikin waɗannan yankuna sun saki ɗimbin abubuwa masu guba kamar ions da ƙananan ƙarfe waɗanda suka haifar da mummunar illa ga bambancin dabbobi a cikin koguna da kwaruruka.

Geology, flora da fauna

Dutsen Appalachian sun kasu kashi biyu: Kudancin da Arewacin Appalachian. Kowannensu yanayi ne daban-daban da tsarin tafiyar kasa. A farkon, yana da ƙarami a sama akwai manyan koguna da yawa waɗanda ke kwarara zuwa Tekun Atlantika kuma suna haifar da raƙuman ruwa da yawa. Yanayin yana kama da gabar teku da danshi. Akwai zaizayar kasa iri uku: iska, da kankara, da kogi.

A gefe guda, muna da Appalachians na Arewa wanda a ciki muke kuma akwai malaɓi, ƙyalƙyali da zaizayar iska, kodayake yanayin yana da danshi da tsauni.

Kogunan da aka samo a tsaunukan Appalachian suna da halaye na musamman. Kuma shine suna guduwa cikin tsananin gudu da kuma samar da kyawawan magudanan ruwa. Mafi mahimmanci Su ne Hudson, Delaware da Potomac. Wadannan rafuka ba su da tsayi sosai amma suna da babban kwarara wanda ya haifar da samuwar magudanan ruwa. Akwai tsakiyar fili inda koguna da yawa suke ba da gudummawarsu kuma hakanan yana da kwari masu zurfi waɗanda suke kama da canyon. Mun sami Tennessee da Ohio. Waɗannan raƙuman ruwa guda biyu suna da mahimmin gudummawar kogi ga Mississippi. Kari kan hakan, ruwanta yana da inganci kuma yana da karfin takin dukkan kasashen yankin.

Game da flora muna da bishiyoyi kamar su fir, beech, birch, cypress, cedar, larch, redwood, white and yellow pine, oak, chestnut, ash, maple, elm, poplar, linden, da dai sauransu. A arewacin yankin Appalachian akwai da yawa daga jinsunan da suka yadu a cikin ƙyanƙyashe kamar su ne karnukan, da marten da mink. Arewa tana da nau'ikan da yawa kamar su Elk, reindeer, elk, bear, antelope, lynx, wolf, da sauransu.

Fitattun wurare

Kodayake tsaunukan Appalachian gabaɗaya abubuwan tarihi ne, sun yi fice don wasu wurare masu kyau don ziyarta. Na farko shine Gidan Tarihi na Appalachian. A cikin wannan gidan kayan gargajiya zaku iya koyo game da makamai, kayan wasa, ƙera tukwane, da dai sauransu. Abin da ke wurin a lokacin.

Sannan muna da wasu wurare kamar:

• Kauyen Shaker. Yanki ne mai fadin hekta 3000 kuma ya kunshi gidan kayan gargajiya, otal-otal don tsayawa, wuraren shakatawa da shaguna.
• Luay Caverns. Waɗannan kyawawan tsari ne na ƙididdiga waɗanda aka sanya wuraren wanka a cikin kogon.

Kamar yadda kake gani, tsaunukan Appalachian abin mamakin halitta ne wanda ya cancanci gani. Shin kun taba ko kuna so ku tafi?