I-Los ama-geological agents Yilezo ezakha ukwakheka komhlaba futhi ziguqule izici zamadwala nokukhululeka. Izimbangela ezinkulu zokwakheka komhlaba ukuguguleka komhlaba, ezokuthutha kanye nokwakheka komhlaba. Enye yezinhlobo zokuguguleka isimo sezulu. Kuyinqubo yokuhlakazeka noma ukubola kwamatshe namaminerali angaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ukuthi isimo sezulu siyini, yiziphi izinhlobo ezikhona nokuthi ithonya kanjani i-geology yendawo.
Yini isimo sezulu
Njengoba sishilo, kungumphumela woshintsho olwenzeka emadwaleni nasemaminerali lapho esemhlabeni. Lezi zinguquko zibangelwa i- ukuxhumana okuqhubekayo okufanayo nomkhathi, i-biosphere, i-hydrosphere noma ama-geological agents athile njengomoya nesimo sezulu. Ukuguqulwa kwedwala kungaholela ekwandiseni ivolumu yalo, kwehlise ukungaguquguquki kwalo, kunciphise usayizi wezinhlayiya noma kufake namanye amaminerali.
Kunezifundo ezahlukahlukene eziveza ukuthi isimo sezulu siyinqubo exogenous. Ngamanye amagama, lesi simo sezulu sinokubaluleka okukhulu ekuhlaziyweni kwamafomu osizo. Uma sibheka ukukhululeka kwendawo kufanele sazi ukuthi leyo ndawo iguqulwe ngezigidigidi zeminyaka. Futhi lokhu ukuthi ama-geological agents awenzi ngokwesilinganiso somuntu. Isilinganiso okufanele sisicabangele kuleli cala ileso isikhathi sokuma komhlaba.
Kumele kuthiwe ukuguguleka okuqhubekayo komoya noma kwamanzi kungaguqula ukukhululeka noma kuguqule ukwakheka kwamatshe, kepha uma nje kudlula iminyaka eyanele ukuze lo mthelela ube nokubaluleka kokwakheka komhlaba. Lesi simo sezulu Bathanda ukuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kanye nokuqondwa kwamakhemikhali nezakhamzimba zawo.
Elinye lama-ejenti aphambili ukuthi izimo zezulu ezishisayo yisimo sezulu, ubude bezinqubo ezixhunywe kuyo, kanye nezici zangaphakathi zedwala. Ngokuya ngombala, ukuqhekeka, inani lamaminerali nezinye izici, isimo sezulu saso sizovela kungekudala noma kamuva.
Izinhlobo zezulu
Indlela amadwala okufanele aguqule ngayo ayifani ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezulu ngokuya ngemvelaphi yalo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi sinesimo sezulu samakhemikhali futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi, isimo sezulu sezulu. Kunezifundo ezithile ezengeza uhlobo lwesithathu lwezulu futhi luyindalo. Sizodiliza futhi sihlaziye uhlobo ngalunye.
Isimo sezulu somzimba
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu yilo olwenza ukuthi idwala liphuke. Akuthinti nakancane izimo zayo ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali noma amaminerali. Ngesikhathi senqubo yesimo sezulu, amadwala ayaqhekeka kancane kancane futhi avumela ukuguguleka komhlaba ukuthi kwenziwe okusemandleni. Imiphumela eguqukayo ingabonakala kalula ezimweni zomzimba wedwala. Lezi zimo zihlala ziguqulwa isenzo sezakhi ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo okugqamile:
- Ukucindezela: kungukuphuka lapho amatshe asevele ethuthuke kakhulu ekhona. Lokhu kuqhekeka noma imifantu kwenzeka noma ingcindezi ingekho phezulu. Lokhu kuqhekeka kuvela emadwaleni akhiwa ngokuvundlile.
- I-Thermoclasty: kufana nokwenziwa kwamazinga okushisa ahlukene akhona phakathi kwemini nobusuku. Kungachazwa njengokungqubuzana phakathi kwamazinga okushisa angaphakathi edwala naleyo yendawo ezungezile. Lezi zinguquko ezinqala ezenzeka kwezinye izindawo eziwugwadule zidala imifantu etsheni. Emini ilanga lenza idwala lifudumale futhi likhule, kuthi ebusuku lenze ukuthi liphole futhi liqine. Lezi zinqubo eziqhubekayo zokunweba nokuncipha yikho okubangela imifantu eqhekeza idwala.
- Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba: ukuqhekeka kwedwala okuphoqelelwa izingcezu ezincane zeqhwa ezifakwe kulo. Futhi, lapho amanzi efriziwe, andisa ivolumu yawo aze afike ku-9%. Lolu ketshezi, uma lungaphakathi kwamatshe, lwenza ingcindezi ezindongeni zamadwala futhi lubangele ukuthi luqhekeke kancane kancane.
- I-Haloclasty: Le yinqubo lapho usawoti efaka khona ingcindezi ethile edwaleni eliveza ukuqhekeka kwalo. Lokhu kungukuxinana kosawoti okuphezulu okutholakala edwaleni ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezomile. Lapho imvula ina, usawoti uyakhukhulwa futhi ugeleze phezu kwedwala. Ngaleyo ndlela, ukuthi usawoti unamathela emifantwini nasezigxotsheni zamatshe futhi, uma usufakwe isikristali, baphakamisa ivolumu yabo, bandise amandla amatshe futhi kuphumele ekuqhekekeni kwabo. Ezimweni eziningi sithola amatshe angular osayizi omncane akhiqizwe yile nqubo ebizwa ngeHaloclasty.
Isimo sezulu sezulu
Le yinqubo eholela ekulahlekelweni kwesibopho edwaleni. Izinhlobonhlobo zomkhathi ezifana ne-oxygen, i-carbon dioxide nomphunga wamanzi zithinta idwala. Isimo sezulu samakhemikhali singaqondakala ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene. Ake sichaze isilinganiso ngasinye:
- Ukuxhuma: imayelana nobudlelwano phakathi kwamaminerali nomoya-mpilo womhlaba nokwehluka kwawo okuqhubekayo.
- Ukuqedwa: kusebenza impela kulawo amaminerali ancibilikayo emanzini.
- I-Carbonation: kumayelana nenhlanganisela nomphumela wokuhlanganiswa kwamanzi ne-carbon dioxide.
- Ukuhanjiswa: Kuyisigaba lapho amaminerali amaningi ahlangana khona futhi akhiqize ukwanda kwevolumu yedwala. Isibonelo sabo ukuthi kwenzekani ngopulasitela.
- I-Hydrolysis: kumayelana nokonakala kwamaminerali athile ngenxa yomsebenzi owenziwa yizigidigidi ze-hydrogen ne-hydroxide esemanzini.
- Amakhemikhali ezinto eziphilayo: ngukuhlakazeka kwama-biological agents akhona emhlabathini futhi kukhulisa ukwakheka kwama-organic organic.
Isimo sezulu sezulu
Lolu hlobo lwesimo sezulu yilokho abanye ochwepheshe abangezile. Futhi ukuthi imibuso yezilwane nezitshalo nayo ibhekene nesimo sezulu sangaphandle. Isenzo sezimpande ezithile, ama-organic organic, amanzi ziguqula ukwakheka kwamatshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinto ezinjengemisundu yomhlaba zingashintsha nokwakheka kwamatshe.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi mayelana nesimo sezulu.