Siyini isikhathi sejoloji futhi sikalwa kanjani?

Ezikhathini eziningi kungenzeka ukuthi ufunde kokuthunyelwe kwami ​​le nkulumo "Isikhathi se-Geological". Isilinganiso esijwayele ukusebenza kuso ngeke sisetshenziselwe ukukhuluma nge-geology nokuziphendukela komhlaba noma umhlaba. Khumbula ukuthi isilinganiso somuntu esivame ukusebenza kuso cishe siyiminyaka eyi-100 umuntu ngamunye. Kodwa-ke, isikhathi asisho lutho ezinqubweni zokwakheka komhlaba. Yilapho kufanele sikhulume khona ngesikhathi se-geologic.

Ucwaningo loMhlaba ludinga ukuba nesilinganiso esikhudlwana lapho lungahlanganisa zonke izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba njengoba zenzekile empeleni. Ngakho-ke, namuhla sizokhuluma ngesikhathi sokuma komhlaba. Ngabe ufuna ukwazi ukuthi izazi zokwakheka komhlaba zibeka kanjani usuku nosuku imicimbi yokuma komhlaba emhlabeni wethu?

Incazelo yesikhathi semvelo

Ukuze sicindezele lonke ulwazi lokwakheka komhlaba sisebenzisa lesi sikhathi se-geological. Uma sikhuluma, isibonelo, ngokwakhiwa kwamadwala asezintabeni, sikhuluma ngokuxinana kwezinto ngenkani yengcindezi. Lokhu kuqeqeshwa akwenzeki ngezinsuku, amasonto, noma izinyanga. Kungaphezulu, Akukwenzeka eminyakeni eyikhulu. Inqubo yokwakhiwa kwedwala elisentabeni njenge-sandstone ithatha izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Abantu abekho ngisho nokucwayiza okuncane emlandweni wokuma komhlaba woMhlaba.

Ukuze kwethulwe zonke izinqubo zokwakheka komhlaba esikalini esingasebenza kuzo, sisebenzisa ama-Aeon, i-Geological Ages, izinkathi nezikhathi. Ngokungafani nesikhathi esijwayelekile esijwayele ukusebenza ngaso, isikhathi se-geological asinaso isikhathi esinqunyiwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona okulula emlandweni woMhlaba lapho kwenzeka khona izehlakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu. Le micimbi ifingqiwe ku-lukwakheka kwezintaba, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukuqothulwa okukhulu, njll

Ngazo zonke lezi zici nemikhombandlela, singachaza isikhathi se-geological njengenkathi yesikhathi esukela ekwakhiweni nasekuthuthukisweni komhlaba (cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezi-4,5 edlule) kuze kube manje. Ngamafuphi, kufana nokuthi kube yikhalenda loMhlaba.

Isikali nemicimbi yokwakheka komhlaba

Lesi sikali sesikhathi sisetshenziswa kakhulu ngo-geologists nabanye ososayensi. Ngenxa yakhe, Bangabela isikhathi nezinsuku emicimbini ebaluleke kakhulu eMhlabeni. Ngaphakathi kwamatshe kulapho uzothola khona imininingwane eminingi ngokwenzekile emhlabeni wethu kuyo yonke le minyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine no-4,5.

Kuze kube yikhulu le-XNUMX, uMhlaba bekucatshangwa ukuthi uneminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa kuphela ubudala. Ulwazi lwangempela lwasemhlabeni luza ngokutholwa kwe-radioactivity nguMarie Curie ngekhulu lama-XNUMX. Ngenxa yalokhu kuye kwenzeka ukuthi kube nesikhathi samadwala womhlaba kanye nama-meteorites awayo.

Uma sifuna ukukhuluma ngesikhathi sokuma komhlaba, asikwazi ukusebenzisa amayunithi wesikhathi njengamashumi eminyaka noma amakhulu eminyaka. Indlela ewusizo kakhulu ukwahlukanisa isikhathi ngemicimbi emikhulu yokwakheka komhlaba. Ngamafuphi, kumayelana nezinguquko ezinkulu ezihlukunyezwe ngamatshe nezidalwa eziphilayo selokhu kwasungulwa iplanethi yethu.

Ukuhlukaniswa komhlaba

Ngesikhathi se-geologic, iyunithi enkulu yesikhathi esetshenzisiwe ngu-eon. Le eon ihlukaniswe ngezikhathi, izinkathi, izinkathi, nezigaba. Wonke umlando woMhlaba uhlukaniswe ngama-Aeon amabili amakhulu esikhathi. Owokuqala yi-Precambrian, lapho uMhlaba wakha cishe iminyaka eyizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-4,5 edlule. Kwaphela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-570 edlule. Manje sisePhanerozoic Aeon. Lezi zingwe ezimbili zikhulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke sidinga ama-timescales amancane.

Sizofunda ngokujula iyunithi ngayinye yokukala kwesikhathi se-geological:

U-Eon

Kuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke esilinganisweni sesikhathi. Kukalwa njalo eminyakeni eyizigidigidi ezi-1.000. Ukudlula kusuka ku-Precambrian kuya e-Phanerozoic kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhlakazeka kwezwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePannotia. I-Phanerozoic isho "impilo ebonakalayo." Kwakukhona vele impilo ngaphambi kokuqala kwale eon, kepha kulapho-ke ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi zavela khona.

Era

Inkathi akuyona iyunithi ngqo. Iqoqa izinguquko ezibalulekile zokwakheka komhlaba noma kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlaselwe yiplanethi kusukela yakhiwa. Isikhathi ngasinye siqala ngomcimbi obalulekile. Isibonelo, iMesozoic iqala ngokuvela kwezinyoni zokuqala nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Iminyaka yesikhathi se-geologic yile: I-Azoic, Archaic, Proterozoic, Paleozoic (impilo yasendulo), iMesozoic (impilo ephakathi), neCenozoic (impilo yakamuva). Njengoba izinkathi zikhulu kakhulu ngesikhathi, izigaba zidinga ukwehliswa ukuze zinembe kakhudlwana.

Isikhathi

Imayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhathi. Isikhathi ngasinye sibeka umcimbi wokwakheka komhlaba noma ukuvela kwesidalwa esiphilayo esisebenza njengophawu. Isibonelo, esikhathini seCambrian izwekazi elikhulu elibizwa ngePangea liyahlukana.

Inkathi

Isikhathi sokwehlukaniswa kwenkathi. Esikhathini ngasinye imicimbi yokwakheka komhlaba iqoshwa ngezinga elincane. Isibonelo, ePaleocene kukhona ukuhlukaniswa kweYurophu neNyakatho Melika. Yize emabalazweni amaningi wesikhathi se-geologic okokugcina okubhaliwe kunguHolocene, uMhlaba usudlulisile. Manje sise-Anthropocene. Kuyisikhathi sokuqala esichazwe isenzo somuntu.

I-Anthropocene

Akunakuphikwa ukuthi umuntu ube nemiphumela emihle eMhlabeni. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezimboni kuze kube namuhla, uguquko lweplanethi lube yingqikithi. Izimiso zemvelo zemvelo ezingalungisiwe ngumuntu ziyindlala. Umuntu ukwazile ukungena futhi abumbe indawo cishe kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba.

Izinguquko ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke ezifana nokuguquka kwesimo sezulu zidalwa ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa okuvela emisebenzini yethu. Njengakuqweqwe lwe-ozone, oluye lwahlala luzinzile, sikwazile ukuluhlisa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Sikhuluma ngentuthuko echazayo eyenzeka cishe eminyakeni engama-300 kuphela. Inani labantu emhlabeni ngonyaka we-1750 alifikanga kubantu abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa-ke, namuhla, singaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingama-7,5. Kulindeleke ukuthi ngonyaka ka-2050 sibe sesicishe sibe yizigidigidi eziyishumi.

Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, izikali ze-geological ziyadingeka kakhulu ukuze kutholakale izinsalela zamathambo nokuqonda kangcono umsuka weplanethi yethu. Futhi wena, bewazi mayelana nesikhathi sokuma komhlaba?