Kuwo wonke umhlaba siyazi ukuthi kunezigidigidi zezinkanyezi. Noma kunjalo, kukhona abanye abaziwa njenge izinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili. Esokuqala satholwa nguBenedetto Castelli ngo-1617. Wayengumfundi ka Galileo futhi wathola lezi zinhlobo zezinkanyezi ngenxa yokuthi wakhomba isibonakude ezinkanyezini ze Bhele Elikhulu ukuthi ezulwini kubonakala kusondelene kakhulu kodwa abahlangene ngokomzimba. Izinkanyezi ezishiwo yi-Alcor neMizar.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici nokubaluleka kwezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili.
Izici eziyinhloko
Lapho sibheka isibhakabhaka, siya kulokho kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkanyezi. Sinamaplanethi, ama-nebulae, imithala, amaqoqo, nezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili. Wamangala uBenedetto Castelli ngesikhathi ehlaziya iMizar, lapho ebona ukuthi unomlingani wakhe. Kulomlingani kubhekwa njengenkanyezi yokuqala kanambambili etholakele. Ngemuva kwakhe kutholakale inani elikhulu lezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili.
Ukuqonda kangcono zonke izici ezibonakalayo zezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili, ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko. Kuyinto elula ukufunda ukuhlukanisa phakathi kokuphindwe kabili kokubona nokuphindaphindeka komzimba. I-optics ephindwe kabili yilezo zinkanyezi ezibonakala zihlangene kodwa kuphela ngomphumela wombono. Lezi zinkanyezi ezimbili azihlangene ngempela. Esikhundleni salokho, ukuphindeka komzimba kuyizinhlelo zezinkanyezi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu ezixhumene ngokomzimba futhi ezizungeza isikhungo esivamile.
Kumqapheli, ukukwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle phakathi kokuthi yiziphi izinkanyezi ezibumbene ngempela futhi ezisebenza ngamehlo, kungumsebenzi onzima. Kodwa-ke, kungumsebenzi obalulekile kososayensi bezinkanyezi.
Isilinganiso se-Double Star
Ake sibone ukuthi yiziphi izici eziyinhloko ezenza izinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili zihlukaniswe. Indlela yokuzihlukanisa ngokuya ngendlela esetshenziselwe ukuzithola. Ake sibone ukuthi ziyini:
- Okubukwayo: yilezo ezingavulwa ngokubonakalayo noma ezithombeni.
- I-Astrometric: Kulolu hlobo lwenkanyezi ephindwe kabili, inkanyezi eyodwa kuphela engabonakala, kodwa ngokunyakaza kwayo kutholwa ukuthi inomlingani wayo.
- Okumangazayo: Kungenzeka ukuthola lezi zinhlobo zezinkanyezi ngokufunda ukukhanya kwazo.
- Ukunciphisa noma i-photometric: ziyatholakala uma ukwehluka okulula kungabongwa. Lokhu kwehluka kokukhanya kwenzeka lapho into idlula phambi kozakwethu.
Ukwehlukaniswa nobukhulu obubonakalayo bezinkanyezi ezimbili kubalulekile ekubukeni. Ukwehlukaniswa kwe-angular kunikezwa ngemizuzwana ye-arc futhi yiyona ekhombisa ibanga phakathi kwezinkanyezi ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubukhulu obubonakalayo busitshela ukuthi inkanyezi ngayinye ikhanya kanjani. Uma incane inombolo yobukhulu enikeziwe, inkanyezi ikhanya ngokwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kungakhohlwa ukuthi ukubonwa kwalezi zinkanyezi kulungiswa ukuzinza komkhathi. Kanjalo Kuya ngekhwalithi yethimba lokuqapha kanye nendawo esikuyo. Zonke lezi zinto eziguqukayo yizo ezichaza isixazululo esiphezulu esingaba naso isibonakude. Ukubukwa kwezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili kukuvumela ukuba uqhathanise izibonakude futhi ngaleyo ndlela wazi ikhwalithi ngayinye.
Ezinye izinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili
Sizokwenza uhlu oluncane ngezinye zezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili ezaziwa kakhulu ngombala wazo, ukukhanya noma umlando. Konke esizokubalula kungabukwa yizifundiswa. Awudingi ukuba yisazi noma ube nezinto ezinhle ukuze ukwazi ukubona lezi zinkanyezi eziyigugu.
I-Albireo
Ingenye yezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili ezithandwayo phakathi kwabalandeli besayensi yezinkanyezi. Futhi ukuthi inombala ogqamile ogqamile njengoba enye yezakhi i-orange enye ibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kulula kakhulu ukuthola, ngokuba inkanyezi yesibili ekhanya kunazo zonke e-Swan. Lezi zici zenza i-Albireo ibe enye yezaziwa kakhulu. Ngeshwa, muva nje isathelayithi i-Gaia ikhombisile ukuthi akuyona inqubo kanambambili, kunalokho kungumbhangqwana wokubuka. Kubukeka sengathi zixhunyaniswe ngamehlo kepha empeleni azikho.
UMizar
Phambilini sishilo iMizar njengenye yezinto zeBig Dipper. Umbonisi onamehlo amahle angahlukanisa kahle inkanyezi emaphakathi nomsila wale nkanyezi futhi uzobona ukuthi uhlelo olumbili. I-Alcor neMizar yizinkanyezi ezimbili ezihamba ndawonye emkhathini. Ayaziwa ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi ngabe uhlelo lwe-kanambambili noma ngabe luyimbhangqwana ebonakalayo.
Ukwehlukaniswa phakathi kwalezi zinkanyezi ezimbili kwanele ukuze kungahlukaniswa ngeso lenyama. Izilinganiso zebanga lakho maphakathi nalezi zinkanyezi ezimbili ezitholakala eminyakeni emithathu elula ukusuka komunye nomunye. Leli banga likhulu kakhulu ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zinkanyezi zihlangana ngamandla adonsela phansi. Ukungaqiniseki esilinganisweni kubanzi kangangokuba kungasondela kakhulu kunalokho esicabanga. Kunoma ikuphi, iMizar uhlelo olulula olulula ukulugcina futhi akudingeki ube nolwazi oluningi ukwenza lokho.
Ezinye izinhlelo kanambambili
I-Polaris
I-Pole Star enkulu uhlelo oluthathu. I-Polaris A ne-Polaris B bakha uhlelo olunambambili okulula kakhulu ukuluhlukanisa nganoma yisiphi isibonakude. Kukhona nenye inkanyezi eyingxenye yohlelo olufanayo olwaziwa ngePolaris AB. Lokhu, nokho, akutholakali kubalandeli, ngoba kwatholakala ngo-2006 yi isibonakude esibuhlungu.
IBeverver
Ingenye yezinkanyezi eziqhakazile ku-constellation Gemini. Ifihla uhlelo lwenkanyezi oluphindwe kasithupha izinkanyezi zalo ezimbili eziyinhloko ezigqame kakhulu futhi ezaziwa ngamagama kaCastor A noCastor B.
Almach
Kuyinkanyezi yesithathu ekhanya kunayo yonke enkanyezini i-Andromeda. Akungabazeki ukuthi ingenye yezinkanyezi ezinhle kakhulu futhi ezitholakala kalula esibhakabhakeni. Kumele usebenzise isibonakude futhi ungabona isistimu ephindwe kabili enomehluko omkhulu ngemibala. Futhi ukuthi ingxenye eyinhloko inombala phakathi kokuphuzi ne-orange futhi umlingani ukhombisa umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohluke kakhulu. Iyafana ne-Albireo kepha basondelene kakhulu.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi ngezinkanyezi eziphindwe kabili nezimpawu zazo.