Uma sikhuluma ngeziqongo eziphakeme kunazo zonke eSpain sihlala sisho iMount Teide. Itholakala esiqhingini saseTenerife esiseziqhingini zeziqhingi zaseCanary Islands. Akuyona indawo ephakeme kuphela eSpain, kodwa futhi nakuwo wonke amazwe aphakathi noLwandlekazi i-Atlantic. Yena Intaba-mlilo iTeide Kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo yesithathu ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni lapho ilinganiswa kusukela phansi koqweqwe lwasolwandle. Kubhekwa futhi njengenye yezindawo ezikhangayo kakhulu eSpain njengoba itholakala ngaphakathi kweTeide National Park. I-UNESCO isimemezele njengendawo eyiGugu Lomhlaba.
Kukho konke lokhu, sizonikezela le ndatshana ukukutshela zonke izici, i-geography, i-geology, ukwakheka kanye nokuthanda ukwazi kwentaba-mlilo iTeide.
Izici eziyinhloko
Kubantu bokuqala balezi zindawo, amaGuanches, intaba-mlilo iTeide yathathwa njengentaba engcwele. Namuhla, ingenye yezintaba-mlilo ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kuyintaba-mlilo i-stratovolcano noma i-compound. Lokho wukuthi, sekwakhiwe ngaphezulu kwezigidi zeminyaka ngenxa yokuqongelelwa kwezingqimba ezilandelanayo zokugeleza kwelava. Futhi kungukuthi udaka luyanqwabelana futhi luphole njengoba lugeleza ezindaweni ezingamawa. Akugcini nje ukuthi i-lava iqoqeke, kodwa futhi nezinto eziqinile. Konke lokhu kusho ukuthi isakhiwo esishumekiwe sisebenza kuze kube yilapho intaba-mlilo isendaweni yayo yamanje.
Isakhiwo sonke sentaba-mlilo iTeide sitholakala ngaphakathi kweCañadas. ILas Cañadas iyindawo enentaba-mlilo enobukhulu obuphakathi kwamakhilomitha ayi-12 nangu-20 ububanzi. Ukuphakama okuphelele kweTeide kungamamitha angu-3.718 ngaphezu kolwandle. Uma sikubhalisa njengomphumela womehluko wokuphakama ngaphezu kwephansi lolwandle, siyabona ukuthi kukhona ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-7500.
Intaba-mlilo iTeide, kanye nentaba-mlilo iPico Viejo, yakha i-stratovolcano eyodwa. Lesi isakhiwo esiyintabamlilo. Kokubili kokunye kwakunesakhiwo ngaphakathi kwegumbi elifanayo lomlingo. Imvamisa, lapho kuchazwa zombili izintaba-mlilo kwenziwa ngokwehlukana. Phakathi kwalaba bobabili, uTeide nguyena othathwa njengomuntu osebenza kakhulu. Ukuqhuma kwayo kokugcina kwaqoshwa ngo-1909. Yize kubonakala sengathi sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-100, esikalini se- isikhathi sokuma komhlaba lokhu kubhekwa njengentaba-mlilo esebenzayo.
Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika siyabona ukuthi iqhwa lihlala kanjani esiqongweni futhi linikeza indawo ekhangayo ezigidini zezivakashi eziya eNational Park. Lokhu kwenza iTenerife ibe yindawo efanele izivakashi ngaso sonke isikhathi sonyaka.
Ukwakheka kwentaba-mlilo iTeide
Sizobheka emuva esikhathini sokwakheka komhlaba ukuze sifinyelele emsukeni wentaba-mlilo yobuhle. Ngikhethe sonke isiqhingi saseTenerife olwandle olulandela intaba-mlilo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngesikhathi seMiocene nasekuqaleni I-Pliocene. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwavela izintaba-mlilo ezintathu zesihlangu Bangama-Teno, Adeje nama-Anaga massifs. Lezi zintaba-mlilo ezinjengezihlangu zazakha ingxenye enkulu yezwe lalokho manje okuyiTenerife.
Ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene lezi zintaba ezintathu zaphazamisa ukuqhuma kwazo futhi kwaqala inkathi entsha yomsebenzi wentaba-mlilo lapho kwakhiwa khona izakhiwo ezintsha. I-axis emaphakathi ye-caldera yakhiwa ngesikhathi sesithathu futhi yavela kuyo yonke iMiocene. Yile ndlela okwakhiwa ngayo i-caldera de las Cañadas njengomphumela wokuqhuma komhlaba okukhulu nokulandelana kwentaba-mlilo nokuhlangana kwazo zombili lezi zinto.
Esivele sithuthukile enkathini yePleistocene, siyabona ukuthi isakhiwo seTeide-Pico Viejo sakhiwa ngaphakathi kwe-caldera.
Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo
Phambilini sishilo ukuthi le volcano iyasebenza. Ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo kokugcina okurekhodiwe kwenzeka ngo-1909. Lolu khetho lwathatha izinsuku eziyi-10. Kukhona Uhlelo lweSmithsonian Institution's Global Volcanism Programme ezinikele ekutadisheni imvamisa yokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo. Ngale ndlela, silungiselela izinhlekelele ezingase zibangeke. Kukhona ukuqhuma okudala umonakalo omkhulu futhi abantu kufanele basuswe. Kulokhu, lolu hlelo lukuqinisekisile ukuqhuma okungu-42 okuthe khona oku-3 kwako akuqinisekisiwe.
Futhi kungenxa yokuthi intaba-mlilo iTeide ithuthuke ngokwanele ngezinto ezibonakalayo ze-pyroclastic selokhu yakhiwa. Kodwa-ke, ukuqhuma kokuqala kwentaba-mlilo okwabonwa kwaba ngo-1492. Lokhu kuqhuma kwaholela ekutheni sonke isiqhingi saseTenerife sidalwe isikhathi eside. Ukuqhuma kuphela kule ngqungquthela kwenzeka cishe ngonyaka we-850 AD
Ngenhlanhla abekho abantu babantu eduze kwale ntabamlilo, ngakho ingozi yayo ayiphezulu. Kunezinye izintaba-mlilo emhlabeni lapho endaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-100 kunabantu abangaphezu kuka-766000. Uma kwenzeka kuba nokuqhuma esiqhingini saseTenerife akuyona ingozi njengakwezinye izindawo.
Izintshisekelo zentaba-mlilo iTeide
Sizokutshela ezinye izifiso okungenzeka ubungazi ngale ntaba-mlilo.
- Ngaphakathi kwepaki likazwelonke kunezindawo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ze-archaeological. Lezi zimali zivela esikhathini seGuanche esiveza imininingwane eyanele mayelana nezinhlobo zokuphila ezazikhona ngaleso sikhathi.
- Isisekelo seTeide sithathe iminyaka engama-40.000 ukwakha. Yize lesi sikhathi sesikhathi sibonakala njengesikhathi eside, uma sikhuluma ngokubuka kokuma komhlaba yisikhawu esifushane. Ngakho-ke, kungashiwo ukuthi umoya uyintaba-mlilo encane.
- Izizathu ezizungeze intaba-mlilo ziphakathi kwezinothile kakhulu emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umlotha ovela ezintabeni-mlilo uhlinzeka inani elikhulu lomsoco emhlabathini.
- Ukuqhuma kwentabamlilo kwale volcano akukaze kubhaliswe izisulu ezingabantu. Lokhu kwenza kuphephe impela ukuhlala eTenerife.
- Amafomu le volcano enayo ayijwayelekile uma siziqhathanisa nezinye izintaba-mlilo.
Njengoba ukwazi ukubona, luhlobo lwentaba-mlilo olunelukuluku futhi olwaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-volcano yaseTeide.