Endaweni yonke izinto nazo "ziyafa" ngandlela thile, azihlali zaphakade. Izinkanyezi esizibona ngaphezu kwesibhakabhaka nazo zinokuphela. Indlela abafa ngayo ibangela a i-supernova. Namuhla sizogxila kulokho okuyiyona supernova, ukuthi yakhiwa kanjani nokuthi kunamiphi imiphumela ukuthi kukhona eyodwa endaweni yonke.
Uma ufuna ukwazi kabanzi nge-supernova, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwakho.
Yini i-supernova
Konke lokhu okuyisimanga esikhulu kunomsuka wayo ngo-1604, ngesazi sezinkanyezi UJohannes Kepler. Lo sosayensi wathola ukuvela kwenkanyezi entsha esibhakabhakeni. Imayelana nomlaza i-Ophiuchus. Le nkanyezi ayikwazi ukuyibona izinyanga eziyi-18 kuphela. Okungaqondakali ngaleso sikhathi ukuthi lokho uKepler ayekubona empeleni esibhakabhakeni kwakungeyona nje into enkulu. Namuhla sesivele siyazi ukuthi i-supernovae iyini nokuthi siyibona kanjani esibhakabhakeni. Ngokwesibonelo, ICassiopeia kuyinto enkulu kakhulu.
Futhi ukuthi i-supernova ayilutho olunye ngaphandle kokuqhuma kwenkanyezi eyenzeka njengokuphela kwesigaba sokuphila senkanyezi. Ziyizifundazwe ezincane ezethula kuzo zonke izinhlangothi lonke udaba olwalutholakala enkanyezini. Ososayensi bebehlale bezibuza ukuthi kungani izinkanyezi ziqhuma ngale ndlela kanti zona sezivele zifa. Inkanyezi yaziwa ukuthi iqhuma lapho uphethiloli odonsa amandla enkabeni yenkanyezi uphela. Lokhu kudala ingcindezi yemisebe evimbela ngokuqhubekayo inkanyezi ukuthi ingawi futhi inkanyezi ikhiqize amandla adonsela phansi.
Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kuphakamisa izinsalela zezinkanyezi ezingazinzile ngokumelene namandla adonsela phansi angami nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ngemuva kwakho konke, njengezinto eziningi esinazo lapha eMhlabeni ezincike kuphethiloli, kwenzeka into efanayo enkanyezini. Ngaphandle kwalowo mafutha owondla inkanyezi, ngeke iqhubeke ikhanye esibhakabhakeni.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-supernovae. Lezo ezakhiwa ngobuningi bezikhathi ezili-10 kunezo zeLanga kanye nalezo ezingakhuli kangako. Izinkanyezi eziphindwe kayishumi ubukhulu beLanga zibizwa ngokuthi izinkanyezi ezinkulu. Lezi zinkanyezi zikhiqiza i-supernova enkulu kakhulu lapho ziphela. Bayakwazi ukukhiqiza izinsalela zezinkanyezi ngemuva kokuqhuma okungaba inkanyezi ye-neutron noma i- umgodi omnyama.
Indlela yezinkanyezi
Kukhona olunye uhlelo olwenza ukuthi i-supernova ivele futhi hhayi ngokuqhuma kwenkanyezi. It is known as the "cannibal" mechanism. futhi kuphumela ekuveleni kwe-supernova lapho umfanyana omhlophe edla umlingani wakhe, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, kudingeka uhlelo olunambambili. Futhi ukuthi umfantu omhlophe akakwazi ukuqhuma, kepha uyaphola ngokuqhubekayo njengoba uphela uphethiloli. Kancane kancane iba yipore elincane nelincane elikhanyayo.
Ngakho-ke, le ndlela yokudalwa kwe-supernova idinga uhlelo olunambambili lapho ukuhlangana komunye umhlophe omhlophe nomunye kungenziwa khona. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ingqikithi yenkanyezi esesigabeni sokugcina sokuziphendukela kwemvelo idla umlingani wayo. Endabeni yalezi zinhlelo kanambambili, umhlophe omhlophe osezokufa kumele athole udaba aludingayo kumlingani wakhe luze lwenze isisindo esithile. Imvamisa, leso sisindo sinomkhawulo wosayizi ovame ukuphindwa izikhathi eziyi-1,4 ngosayizi weLanga.. Kulomkhawulo, obizwa ngomkhawulo weChandrasekhar, ukuminyanisa okusheshayo okwenzeka ngaphakathi kwenza uphethiloli we-thermonuclear obumba i-supernova futhi. Lo mafutha we-thermonuclear awuyilutho oludlula ukuxubana kwekhabhoni ne-oksijini ngamandla aphakeme.
Ukuphela kwendlela yokukwenza ukuthi enye inkanyezi ingadlulisela isisindo kuyo, futhi lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngohlelo lwe-kanambambili. Lapho lokhu kwenzeka, inkanyezi efayo iqhuma futhi ithathe udadewabo, ingashiyi noyedwa osindile. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo-1604 ngenkanyezi kaKepler.
Ngemuva kokuqhuma kwalezi zinhlelo kanambambili, kusele amafu othuli negesi kuphela. Kwezinye izimo, kungenzeka ukuthi inkanyezi ehambisanayo ekwazi ukusuka endaweni yayo yokuqala ihlala, ngenxa yesigagasi esikhulu sokushaqeka okwenziwe ukuqhuma.
I-supernova ebonwe eMhlabeni
Njengoba sishilo kaningi kule ndatshana, uKepler wakwazi ukubona isibhakabhaka esikhulu ngo-1604. Yiqiniso, ngaleso sikhathi, wayengenaso isiqiniseko sokuthi wayebonani. Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe obuthuthukiswa namuhla, sinezinsimbi zokukala nokubuka eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezisebenza kangcono labo okwazi ukubona ukuqhuma kwezinkanyezi ngisho nangaphandle kweMilky Way.
Bahlale ukuqhuma kwezinkanyezi okuqophe umlando futhi okuye kwabonwa kuplanethi yethu. Lezi supernovae zavela sengathi ziyizinto ezintsha ezibukeka njengezinkanyezi futhi zanda kakhulu ekukhanyeni. Lokhu kwaqhubeka, kwaze kwaba seqophelweni lokuba yinto ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Cabanga usuku nosuku ubuka indawo yonke, kuthi kungazelelwe, ngolunye usuku ubone ngeso lengqondo into ekhanya kakhulu esibhakabhakeni. Kungenzeka ukuthi yi-supernova.
I-supernova uKepler ayibonile yaziwa Kwakukhanya ukudlula amaplanethi we Uhlelo lomkhathi njengeJupiter neMars, yize ingaphansi kukaVenus. Kumele futhi kuthiwe ukukhanya okuvezwa yi-supernova kuncane kunalokho okwenziwa yiLanga neNyanga. Kumele futhi ucabangele ijubane elithathayo ukuze ukukhanya kufinyelele eMhlabeni futhi wazi ibanga lapho i-supernova ivela khona. Uma lokhu kuqhuma kwenzeka ngaphandle kwe-Milky Way, kungenzeka ukuthi sibona ukuqhuma okwenzekile, kepha ukuthi isithombe sithatha isikhathi eside ukusifinyelela ngenxa yebanga esikulo.
Ngiyethemba ukuthi ngalolu lwazi ungafunda kabanzi nge-supernova.