Umntu unomdla wokwazi ukusukela ekuqaleni kwexesha. Ukufumana igama kunye nefani yazo zonke izinto ezisemhlabeni bekusoloko kuyeyona nto iphambili. Bobabini bayayazi imilinganiselo yento yonke kwaye babize izinto ngegama labo. Silinganisela, silinganisa kwaye sivavanya zonke izinto ukuze sazi kakuhle ukuba sijongana nantoni. Kwakungayi kuba ngaphantsi kweplanethi yethu. Nangona uMhlaba ungeke waziwa ngokuthe ngqo, kuye kwenzeka ukuqikelela ububanzi bayo.
Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni ububanzi bomhlaba kwaye ibalwe njani? Apha sikuxelela yonke into.
Measure nelebheli
Iplanethi yethu isenezinto ezininzi ezingaziwayo kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba zilinganise ngokuthe ngqo zonke izinto eziguquguqukayo kuzo zonke iimbombo. Umzekelo, olona lwandle lunzulu olukhoyo, mhlawumbi ayikabikho kubuchwephesha bethu. Kuba inani lokukhanya kwelanga liyancipha phantsi kolwandle kunye noxinzelelo lwamanzi lutshabalalisa yonke into efumanekayo, imingxunya yemisele emikhulu yolwandle eMhlabeni ayaziwa kwaphela kuthi.
Kuyafana nobubanzi bomhlaba. Asinakumba size simbe de sibethe undoqo woMhlaba. Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuba amacwecwe amatye ubukhulu kwaye anzima kwitekhnoloji yethu yokugqobhoza. Okwesibini, kuba amaqondo obushushu engaphakathi engaphakathi Iyazulazula ijikeleze i-5000 degrees celcius kwaye akukho mntu okanye umatshini onokumelana namaqondo obushushu anje. Okokugqibela, kwezi nzulu akukho oksijini ifumanekayo ukuphefumla.
Nangona kunjalo, nangona singenakulinganisa ubukhulu bomhlaba ngokuthe ngqo, zininzi iindlela ezincedayo ukuqikelela. Umzekelo, sinokusebenzisa amaza enyikima ukufundisisa ubume be maleko ongaphakathi woMhlaba. Enkosi kwiindlela ezingangqalanga zokufunda zeplanethi yethu, sinokwazi ngakumbi malunga nayo ngaphandle kokuzibona ngamehlo ethu.
Imfundiso yeplate tectonics Isixelela ukuba i-continental crust ihlukaniswe ngamacwecwe e-tectonic kwaye bahlala befuduswa ngamaza e-convection yengubo yoMhlaba. Le misinga inikwa ngumahluko koxinano phakathi kwezinto ezingaphakathi komhlaba. Konke oku sinokukwazi ukubulela kwiindlela zokulinganisa ezingangqalanga.
U-Eratosthenes, umlinganisi wokuqala wobubanzi bomhlaba
Ukusukela ukuba umntu uhlala enomdla kakhulu, uzamile ukufumana amanyathelo ngayo yonke into. U-Eratosthenes wayengowokuqala ukubanakho ukulinganisa ububanzi bomhlaba. Into ebisoloko iyintsumantsumane kubantu ababephila kumaxesha amandulo.
Indlela awalinganisa ngayo uMhlaba yayiquka izinto ezithile ezithandwayo ezazithi, ngelo xesha, zithathelwe ingqalelo njengetekhnoloji yotshintsho. Kukwanjalo nakwikhasethi. Kude kube kutshanje iiteyiphu zeVHS yayizezetekhnoloji yakutshanje. Ngoku sinokubeka ngaphezulu kwe-128GB kwisixhobo esinobukhulu obungadluli kubungakanani besikhonkwane sezinzwane zakhe ezinkulu.
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo awazisebenzisayo ukulinganisa ububanzi bomhlaba yayikukulinganisa ukusukela kumhla ka Ihlobo laseSolstice. U-Eratosthenes uthathe ipapyrus kwithala leencwadi xa efumanisa ukuba iposti ayibonisi nasiphi na isithunzi eSiena. Oku kungenxa yokuba imitha yelanga yayibetha umhlaba ngendlela engangqalanga. Le yindlela umdla wakhe owawuvuseleleka ngayo kwaye wayefuna ukwazi ukuba ubukhulu beplanethi yomhlaba bungakanani.
Emva kwexesha waya eAlexandria, Apho bendizakuphinda ulinge kwaye ndibone ukuba isithunzi sasizii-7 degrees. Emva kwalo mlinganiso, waqonda ukuba umahluko kweso sithunzi kunye nomlinganiso wakhe eSiena wawunesizathu esaneleyo sokwazi ukuba uMhlaba ungqukuva kwaye awukho tyaba njengoko kukholelwayo.
Ifomula ye-Eratosthenes
Ukusuka kumava afunyenwe kuyo yomibini imilinganiselo, waqala ukuqulunqa iithiyori ezimbalwa ezinokunceda ukulinganisa ububanzi bomhlaba. Ukwenza oku, waqala ukufumanisa ukuba, ukuba isangqa sinamaqondo angama-360, amashumi amahlanu aloo mjikelo iya kuba zii-7 degrees, Oko kukuthi, kuyafana nesithunzi esilinganiswe e-Alexandria. Ukwazi ukuba umgama phakathi kwezi zixeko zibini ziikhilomitha ezingama-800, wakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba ububanzi bomhlaba bunokuba malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-40.000.
Okwangoku kuyaziwa ukuba ububanzi bomhlaba bumalunga ne-39.830 km. Ukuze abe kwixesha lakudala elingenamilinganiselo kwaphela, wenza imilinganiselo ethe ngqo. Ke ngoko, kufuneka sivume umsebenzi omkhulu awenzileyo. Kufuneka kwakhona sikhankanye ukubaluleka trigonometry, kuba enkosi kuye, wayekwazi ukwazi ububanzi bomhlaba.
Ububanzi bangaphakathi
Oko kulinganiswa ngu-Eratosthenes kubhekisa kububanzi besazinge somhlaba. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abantu abafuna ukwazi ukuba yintoni ububanzi beLizwe obungaphakathi. Kuba akunakwenzeka ukuba uye ngqo embindini womhlaba osisiseko sele ukhankanyiwe, kuyafuneka ukutsala ubungqina obungangqalanga.
Umzekelo, kukho imilinganiselo yamaza enyikima avumayo, esazi umohluko phakathi kwawo, uhlobo lwezinto zangaphakathi ezenziwe kunye nomgama ekukuwo. Yile ndlela siyazi ngayo ukuba umphandle wengubo ubunjwe zizinto ezincinci ezixubileyo kunye nezobunzima obuphezulu ukwenza ii-convection currents ezinoxanduva lokuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji.
Ngezi ndlela zingathanga ngqo kungaziwa ukuba ubukhulu ukusuka kumphezulu womhlaba ukuya kwelinye, udlula kumbindi, ziikhilomitha ezili-12.756, XNUMX. Njengomdla, ezona zinto zinzulu zenziwe ngabantu azikwazanga ukudlula kwi-15 km. Kufana nokuba ne-apile apho sifuna ukufikelela kwithambo langaphakathi, besikrazule kuphela umaleko omncinci owugubungeleyo, oko kukuthi ulusu lwayo.
Njengoko ubona, kukho iingcali zezibalo ezinengqondo enomdla kunye nengqondo ekrelekrele eye yakwazi ukwenza ukufumanisa okwenyani ngetekhnoloji encinci. Ngenxa yokuba iteknoloji yindlela kuphela yokuququzelela ulwazi.
U-Eratosthenes akazange alinganise ububanzi bomhlaba i-40000 km, kuyo nayiphi na imeko iya kuba yiperimeter. Ukulandela ukuqiqa kwakhe, irediyasi yayingu-6336 km. Nokuba yimpazamo encinci kunaleyo ichazwe kwinqaku. Nokuba ifuna ukubhalwa kakuhle, okanye kufuneka iphonononge okubhaliweyo. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ubunzima obunzima.
Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba asazisi kwaphela ngobukhulu bokwenyani bomhlaba, enkosi kulwazi lwakho, ndiyathemba ukuba njengoko isifundo kule nkqubela phambili siza kufunda ngakumbi malunga nesi sihloko, esinomdla kakhulu.
Ukusuka apho ndimi khona okanye mandithi ndihleli, ndide ndiye kwelinye icala ndihamba (imoto, abion, isikhephe) ngqo nge-INNER yomhlaba kude kube kuphi omnye umntu wam, ohleli edesikeni kunye neekhilomitha ezili-12.756, 6.378 kude? Ewe, kwaye kwakhona kwindawo enye apho ndandibhalelwe khona kude kube ngumhlaba womhlaba kunye ne-6.378 km ukusuka apho ukuya kwindawo yam enye nenye i-12.756 km, eyongeze ii-estremos (ukusuka kwindlela eya elunxwemeni), unike umgama we-XNUMX km? Ewe
Ayinguwo na umgama webhola, ibala okanye umhlaba DANDOLE LA BUELTA onyathela umphezulu womhlaba kunye namanzi, kwidesika yam de iphinde ifike edesikeni yam kwakhona? hayi
Inqaku elilungileyo, kodwa ubhidanisa ububanzi ngesangqa, ububanzi ngumlinganiso wesangqa okanye isangqa ukusuka kwelinye icala ukuya kwelinye elidlula embindini, kwaye isazinge kufuneka siqale kwinqanaba elinye kwaye sijikeleze kwakhona, yinto endiqondayo
Ubuxoki, u-eratosthenes khange athi umjikelo womhlaba wawuziikhilomitha ezingama-40000, watsho, endaweni yoko wabala kwaye wakhokelela kwelona nani lililo lelo xesha elalingama-39.375 km. Kwaye i-engile echanekileyo yayiyi-7.2 °, ethi xa iphindaphindwe ngama-50 inike i-360 ° njengesiphumo kwaye yindlela ekubalwe ngayo umjikelo womhlaba kwaye ukuba usebenzisa isolstice yehlobo kunye nezixeko ezibini zase-Egypt, iSyene neAlexandria, ukunika umgama phakathi kwala mabakala ama-2, 5000 apho ngelo xesha wawulingana no-0,1575 km kwaye yindlela i-Eratotenes ewufumene ngayo umjikelo womhlaba okanye uqikelelo ...
Sukuyenza impazamo. Ayibobubanzi obulinganisa i-40.000 km. Yisazinge esijikeleze umhlaba.
Kwisicatshulwa sakho ubhidanisa idayamitha kunye nomjikelezo. Oko u-Eratosthenes abalwe kwi-40,000 km yayiyi-perimeter ngokuchanekileyo, kuba umgama ophakathi kweSiena ne-Alexandria wawubalwe ngeekhilomitha ezingama-800 kwaye wathi umgama uhambelana nomphezulu, kunye nomjikelezo. Endaweni yoko, i-diameter yintelekelelo yomgca othe ngqo ohamba usuka kwenye indawo uye kwenye kwisangqa okanye kumphezulu wengqukuva kwindawo yawo esembindini.