Kumanqaku amaninzi ahambelana ne Ixesha lejoloji siye amagama amaxesha amaninzi Ulwandle lweThetis. Lulwandle oluhlambe idolophu yaseCabra, le dolophu iyeyona ndawo iyithandayo yabatshintshi abaziingcali. Kwaye, kumaxesha amandulo, yonke le ndawo yayihlanjwa emanzini eyaziwa ngokuba luLwandle lwaseTethys okanye ulwandle lwaseTethys. Ngumzimba omkhulu wamanzi kunye nomthombo wobomi ophawule imbali kunye nejografi yeplanethi yethu.
Ke ngoko, siza kunikezela eli nqaku ukukuxelela ngazo zonke iimpawu nokubaluleka kolwandle lwaseTethys.
Imbali yolwandle lwaseTethys
Ulwandle lwaseThetis yayingumzimba omkhulu wamanzi owawuphantse ulingane ne-Asia. Yayilwa malunga Malunga neminyaka engama-250 yezigidi eyadlulayo xa onke amazwekazi oMhlaba ayemanyene kwilizwekazi eliphambili elaziwa ngegama lePangea. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba le nto ibalaseleyo yenziwa ndanobume be-C. Ngelo xesha uLwandle lwaseTethys yayingumzimba wamanzi owawusele ngaphakathi kwilizwekazi kwaye ujikelezwe ngamacala alo amathathu. Yayilulwandle olungena ngaphakathi kunye neempawu zamanzi ashushu kunye namanzi anzulu. Nangona kunjalo, yayizele zizidalwa zaselwandle, iingqaqa, iikorale ezinemibala emininzi, iziqithi zendalo, njl.
Ngamafutshane, singatsho ukuba uLwandle lwaseThetis yayingumzimba omkhulu wamanzi olayishe izilwanyana kunye nobomi bezityalo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo ibinokuduma kakhulu ukuba ibikhona namhlanje. Linjalo ke inani leentlobo ngeentlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezigcinwe lolu lwandle ukuba uninzi lwezidalwa ezihlala kolu lwandle zigcinwe namhlanje ngeefosili. Zonke ezi fosili zinokubonwa kwiziko lokuTolikwa kweCabra Jurassic. Eli ziko lifana nokuhamba ukuya kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye ukwazi ukubona indalo eyahlukeneyo eyayikho kolu lwandle.
Siyazi ukuba uLwandle lweThetis lwalungumbindi we-supercontinent, kodwa ingaphandle nayo yayijikelezwe ngamanzi. Kule nto Ulwandle lwalubizwa ngokuba yiPanthalassa kwaye yaziwa namhlanje njengoLwandlekazi lwePasifiki. Baninzi abantu abakholelwa ukuba uLwandlekazi lwePasifiki alulukhulu njengoko lubonakala, kodwa kufuneka sazi ukuba luthathe phantse isinye kwisithathu somhlaba wonke.
Ukuvela kolwandle lwaseTethys
Siyayazi loo nto ngenxa Ukuhanjiswa kwemisinga yengubo yoMhlaba kukho intshukumo yamacwecwe eteknoloji abizwa ngokuba Ukuhamba kwelizwekazi. Oku kuhamba kwamazwekazi kubangele ukwaphuka kwelizwekazi eliphambili iPangea kunye nokwahlukana okwalandelayo kunye nokususwa kwamacwecwe amazwekazi ngobukhulu bolwandle. Kufuneka sazi ukuba uLwandle lweMeditera lwaqala ukubakho ukusuka kulwandle olukhulu lwaseThetis. Uninzi lwezinto eziphilayo ezikhoyo kuLwandle lweMeditera zizuzwe njengelifa ukusuka kuLwandlekazi lwaseTethys. Nangona kunjalo, KwakungeloLwandle lweMeditera olufanayo nolusaziyo namhlanje, kunokuba, yayingumzimba wamanzi owawuzele yinxalenye yommandla waseIberia neYurophu, ngelo xesha owawungelulo nje ukroba lweziqithi.
Ngazo zonke izilwanyana, izityalo kunye nemifula eyayikho kuLwandle lweMeditera yakudala, bekungaziwa ukuba kwenzeke ntoni de inzululwazi ikwazi ukuyifumana. Kwaye uLwandle lweMeditera loma. Nangona kubonakala kungakholeki, yayinyani ngokupheleleyo. Ukomiswa koLwandle lweMeditera kwenzeka ngenxa yokuhamba kwamacwecwe eteknoloji. La macwecwe avale iRifeño kunye neBetic straits, ekuphela kweendawo apho amanzi avela kwiAtlantic anokungena kuLwandle lwaseTethys. Ngesi sizathu, yonke le basin iMeditera esiyaziyo namhlanje yaba yintlango emhlophe enetyuwa emhlophe. Yonke le tyuwa yayiyeyona nto yayisemanzini. Lo mzuzu kuphuhliso lweplanethi kunye nexesha lejoloji yaziwa njengeNgxubakaxaka yeMessinian yoTyiwa. Esi siqendu singaqhelekanga, esidityaniswe nokugcwala kwabantu, sivelise phantse zonke izinto eziphilayo elwandle.
Emva kwexesha, kumakhulu eminyaka kamva, iStrait yaseGibraltar savulwa kwaye iMeditera yaphinda yagcwalisa ngamanzi oLwandlekazi lweAtlantic. Ngeli xesha apho uLwandle lweMeditera lwenziwa khona namhlanje siyazi ukuba ngunyana woLwandle lwamandulo lwaseThetis.
Izilwanyana zaselwandle
Siza kwazi ukuba zeziphi izilwanyana zaselwandle ezazikho kuLwandle lwaseTethys ngelo xesha. Malunga neminyaka engama-50 ezigidi eyadlulayo iicetaceans zokuqala zavela. I-Cetaceans zizilwanyana zokuqala ezanyisayo ezikwaziyo ukuziqhelanisa nobomi bamanzi. Ngomnye wemimangaliso yendaleko yeentlobo kwaye namhlanje Babandakanya inani elikhulu leentlobo ezisasazwe kwiilwandlekazi zehlabathi. Ulwandle iTethys lwalungazukubangaphantsi. Yayilikhaya lamawaka ezirhubuluzi zaselwandle ezihlala kunxweme kunye namanzi anzulu. Masibone ezinye zeentlobo:
- Ama-Amon
- IMixosaurus Ichthyosaur
- I-Placodont Placodus
- Prolacertiform Tanystropheus
- I-Sauropterygian Nothosaurus
Kuyaziwa ukuba idolophu yaseCabra kunye neGeopark ebekwe eSubbética yayikade ilikhaya lazo zonke izidalwa zaselwandle.
Ngubani igama?
Baninzi abantu ababuza ukuba kutheni olu lwandle lubizwa ngolu hlobo. U-Eduard Suess wayedume ngokuma komhlaba wase-Austrian owayenomdla kwihlabathi le-geology. Ukusukela kwiminyaka engama-44 ubudala waqalisa ukufundisisa ngokunzulu iitectonics zeplate kwaye wayipapasha incwadi ethi Die Enststehung der Alpen. Kule ncwadi kwaboniswa ukuba udederhu lweentaba lwenziwa ziintshukumo ezithe tye eziphika umhlaba, ngokuchasene noko kwakucingwa ngelo xesha.
U-Edward Suess uyaqhubeka nokufunda i-geology de kube yiminyaka engama-62 apho waphinda wamangaliswa luluntu lwenzululwazi njengoko wayekufumanisa oko iifosili ezafunyanwa ezintabeni yayizizidalwa zolwandle. Ngesi sizathu, kwakubalulekile ukuba kubekho amanzi amaninzi awabhaptiza ngegama lolwandle lwaseThetis.
Igama likaThetis livela kwi-titan kunye namanzi apho apho i-geologist yabhaptiza olu lwandle ngeli gama.
Kodwa kulutsha olusandul 'ukusekwa banokufunda okungakumbi ngolwandle lwaseTethys, iimpawu zalo kunye nokuziphendukela kwemvelo.