Phakathi iintlobo zamatye ezikhoyo emhlabeni, kukho enye ebonakala kakhulu kwaye ixhaphake kwiindawo ezininzi zeplanethi. Imalunga ne- pegmatite. Luphawu lweenkozo ezinkulu, ezigqitha nge-20 mm. Ngokwesiqhelo ubungakanani beenkozo buncinci ematyeni. Luhlobo lwelitye elingenantaba-mlilo elivela kupholiso olukhawulezileyo kunye nokuqina kwemagma.
Kweli nqaku siza kukucacisela ukuba zeziphi iimpawu zeli litye, yintoni elisebenzisa ngayo nokunye okuninzi.
Iimpawu eziphambili
Eli litye livela ngaphakathi kwemithambo kubunzulu obuphakathi xa i-magma ekhoyo iqiniswa kukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Ininzi iqulethwe ngamacandelo alinganayo e-quartz, feldspar orthoclase kunye nabanye amaminerali izixhobo ezinjengeMuscovite. Phantse kulo naliphi na iliwa sinokufumana iiminerali ezahlukeneyo kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo. Apha, sinokufumana i-oxide kunye ne-silicate amaminerali angaqhelekanga. Ezi zibizwa ngokuba zii-columbite kunye ne-coltan.
Phakathi kwe-pegmatite unokukhupha ezinye zezona zimbiwa zifunwayo kwiivenkile kwihlabathi liphela. Ngawo lawo kuthiwa ngamatye axabisekileyo anjenge topazi, i-tourmaline kunye ne-aquamarine. Ezi zimbiwa zifunwa kakhulu ngenxa yenkolelo yokuba zinamandla abo okomoya. Kucingelwa ukuba ngokunxiba izacholo zomqala ezithile okanye izacholo ezinalezi zimbiwa, ii-chakras ziya kuba sempilweni, kwaye zifezekise umsebenzi wazo ngcono.
Umbala we-pegmatite ucacile, phakathi komhlophe kunye nepinki. Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zemibala engwevu kunye nekhrim. Inamakristali amakhulu kunye namawele okungena. Xa kuhlaziywa ulwalwa lwamatye, ngalinye linento eyahlukileyo. Nangona kunjalo, xa sibhekisa kwi-pegmatite, siyaqonda ukuba ulwakhiwo lwahlukile. Olu hlobo lwesakhiwo lunikwe igama lesakhiwo se-pegmatite.
Njengamanye amatye ohlobo lwamaPhilolian, Amakristali awo awafani ngokufanayo. Oku kungenxa yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza kwemagma emithanjeni. Ngapha koko, ukwenziwa kwamatye kwenzeka kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo kunye namaqondo obushushu kwaye, ngokuxhomekeke kubude bawo, iya kuba yimo okanye enye indlela. Amakristalu awanaxesha lokwenza kakuhle, ke ngoko anezakhiwo ezingalinganiyo.
Eli litye lenza iidikes, iipokotho kunye nemithambo ngaphakathi kwintaba-mlilo. Ihlala inxulunyaniswa negranite.
Iindidi zePegmatite
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ze-pegmatite kuxhomekeke kwizinto eziphambili kunye neemaminerali kuyo. Okokuqala sidibana inyengane pegmatite. Ukusuka kwigama layo sinokwazi ngokulula ukuba ineeminerali ezifanayo negranite. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba ihlala inxulumene naye.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinolunye uhlobo lwe-pegmatite eyaziwa ngokuba yi-syenitic. Kolu hlobo lwamatye sifumana izinto zealkali eziye zaveliswa kumaqondo obushushu ahlukeneyo. Okokugqibela, sinayo i-gabbroid pegmatite. Eli gama libhekisa kwinto yokuba izinto ekubhalwe ngayo ziyafana nezo ze-gabbro. Onke la matye ahambelana nomnye ngokuba nemvelaphi efanayo kunye neemeko zokwakheka.
Nangona ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali kwahluka phakathi kwezinye, kunokuhlelwa ngokwamaqela aphambili ee-pegmatites ezilula kunye nezo zidibeneyo. Kowokuqala sifumana i-matrix ye-microcline kunye ne-quartz enqamleza i-nucleus nayo eyenziwe nge-quartz. Ayidla ngokuba nemimandla yezimbiwa. Kwelinye icala, sinezinto zokudityaniswa, ukuba undoqo ujikelezwe ziindawo eziphakathi phakathi kodonga kunye nomphetho.
Amatye abiza kakhulu kwaye anomdla kakhulu kwezoqoqosho ngalawo anemigca emincinci egutyungelwe ziiyantlukwano zamaminerali. Phakathi kwezi zimbiwa sifumana i-feldspars, i-albite, i-muscovite kunye ne-quartz.
Olunye uhlobo lwee-pegmatites eziphendula kwi-morphology yazo zezo zixhomekeke kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo apho zenziwe khona. Kolu luhlu sifumana i-peysmatal-pegmatites, micaceous kunye nezo zinento ezinqabileyo. Ii-myorolytics zongezwa kolu luhlu ziyafumaneka kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-400 degrees, kodwa ngemilinganiselo yoxinzelelo eyahlukeneyo.
Imvelaphi yee pegmatites
I-Myarolytic pegmatites yilezo zenziwe nge-metamorphism ye-allochthonous granites. Zizo ezo eziqulethe izinto zeqela le-lanthanides, i-sodium kunye ne-thorium. I-abyssal pegmatite yile iqala xa kusenzeka i-fusion ekhethekileyo kwaye ibandakanya umhlaba ovela kwimvelaphi eyahlukeneyo kwizinto zayo.. Izinto ezingakumbi kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba onazo, ngakumbi ixabiso lezoqoqosho olongeza elulwalweni.
Phantse onke amatye e-pegmatite akhiwa kwi-magmatic fluid enesixa esikhulu se-quartz kunye ne-feldspar. Ukwenza, bafuna ezinye izinto ezinjengamanzi, ifluorine, iboron kunye namanye amatye angenanto angenelela asebenza ukugcwalisa iintanda ezishiyeke elityeni.
Onke la macandelo ngawona enza ii-volatiles ezivumela ukuba ziqaqambe, zenze amatye obukhulu obumangalisayo. Kukho enye indlela yokuvela kwaye kungamatye e-metamorphic athe abhenceka kuxinzelelo oluphezulu. Xa oku kusenzeka, I-quartz kunye ne-feldspars ezikhoyo edwaleni zidibanisa de zidibane. Xa oku kusenzeka, baphinda baphinde baphinde baphinde bakhuphe i-pegmatite.
Eyona nto isetyenziswayo rhoqo
Njengelitye eluhlaza kunye nokuguqulwa okuncinci, i-pegmatite kunqabile ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu. Ihlala ithengiswa, ubuncinci, njengegranite yokugcwalisa iindawo ezithile. Ikwasebenza njenge okrwada kwimveliso yeglasi kunye neseramikhi. Kwintsimi yokwakha inokuba negumbi elininzi.
Enkosi kwi-pegmatite, i-mica esetyenziswa kwizixhobo ezahlukeneyo ze-elektroniki kunye neefilitha zokukhanya zinokukhutshwa. Ukusuka kumatye anqabileyo akhankanywe apha ngasentla, kunokukhutshwa iisampulu ze-zircon, i-emerald, i-garnet, i-aquamarine kunye ne-apatite.
Njengoko ubona, i-pegmatite lilitye elinomdla kakhulu, nangona lingenazinto zininzi zorhwebo, linokubonelela ngamaminerali amaninzi kunye namatye axabisekileyo anomdla omkhulu kwezoqoqosho. Ndiyathemba ukuba ngeli nqaku ungafunda ngakumbi ngeli litye.