Kungenzeka ukuba ngamanye amaxesha ufunde izimbiwa kunye neempawu zazo. Zininzi iintlobo zezimbiwa kwaye nganye ikhutshwa ngendlela kwaye ineempawu ezahlukeneyo. Umntu usebenzisa amaminerali ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Imaminerali ayikho enye into ngaphandle kokuqina okungaqhelekanga okuqulethe izinto zendalo kunye nefomula ethile yemichiza.
Kweli nqaku siza kugxila kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeeminerali ezikhoyo eMhlabeni nakwizinto abazenzayo. Ngaba uyafuna ukwazi ngakumbi ngayo? Le yiposti yakho 🙂
Iimpawu ezichaza izimbiwa
Into yokuqala ekufuneka sijonge ngayo malunga nezimbiwa kukuba yinto engaphiliyo, engaphiliyo, okt ayinabomi. Ukuze izimbiwa zibe yiminerali, kufuneka kufezekiswe iimeko ezininzi. Eyokuqala kukuba ayinakuvela nakweyiphi na into ephilayo okanye intsalela yendalo. Ezi zizinto zendalo ezenziwe eMhlabeni. Ukuba yendalo, kufuneka ikhutshwe kwindalo kwaye ayenziwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
Ngomcimbi wezimbiwa kukho ishishini elininzi. Kukho abantu abaxokisa iiminerali zezinye izinto zokwenziwa ezenziwe ngabo ukuzithengisa ngenkcitho yabantu abakholelwa kumandla amangalisayo eeminerali. Umzekelo ocacileyo yi-labradorite, i-quartz, njl.
Ifomula yemichiza yezimbiwa kufuneka ilungiswe. Yenziwe ziimolekyuli kunye neeathom ezilungelelaniswe ngendlela emiselweyo kwaye akufuneki ziguqulwe. Iiminerali ezimbini zinokudityaniswa ziiathom ezifanayo kunye neemolekyuli kodwa zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo. Umzekelo woku yi-cinnabar. Le minerali ine-HgS yefomula. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukwakhiwa kwayo kwenziwa ngamamolekyuli e-mercury nesalfure. Ukuze i-cinnabar ibe yinyani yamaminerali, kufuneka ikhutshwe kwindalo kwaye ibe yinto engaqhelekanga.
Indlela yokwahlula enye iminerali kwenye
Xa ungathandabuzeki, kukho iimpawu ezinokusinceda ukuba sihluke phakathi kwezinye iintlobo zezimbiwa kunye nezinye. Siyakhumbula ukuba iminerali nganye ineempawu ezenza ukuba yahluke kwaye yahluke kwezinye. Siza kubona ukuba ziziphi iimpawu ezinokusinceda ukuba sahlule phakathi kwezimbiwa ezahlukeneyo.
- Eyokuqala kukwazi ukuba sithetha okanye hayi Yikristale. Kukho izimbiwa ezikristal ngokwazo kunye nemvelaphi yazo yendalo. Ngokucacileyo ayiyikristale efana nale siqhele ukuyibona, kodwa zinemilo ye-polyhedral, ubuso, i-vertices kunye nemiphetho. Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba uninzi lwezimbiwa ziikristali ngenxa yolwakhiwo.
- Umkhwa yindlela abaqhele ukuba nayo. Kuxhomekeka kubushushu kunye noxinzelelo apho zenziwe khona, iiminerali zinomkhwa owahlukileyo. Yifom abaqhelekileyo banayo.
- Umbala yinto elula ukwahlulahlula. Umgodi ngamnye unombala owahlukileyo onokusinceda sazi ukuba yeyiphi. Kukwakho nazo ezingenambala kunye neselubala.
- Eqaqambileyo Olunye uphawu olunokusinceda sazi iindidi zezimbiwa. Ngamnye unokukhanya okwahlukileyo. Kukho zazo zentsimbi, i-vitreous, i-matte okanye i-adamantine luster.
- Ukuxinana ibonakala ngokulula. Kuxhomekeka kubungakanani kunye nobunzima bezimbiwa nganye, unokwazi ngokulula uxinano. Ezona zimbiwa zixinene zincinci kwaye zinzima.
Iipropati zezimbiwa
Izimbiwa zineepropathi ezisebenzela ukuzihlela kwaye zivelise iintlobo zazo. Enye yeepropathi zayo eziphambili kwaye ezahlulwe ngokobunzima. Ukusuka kwelona linzima ukuya kwelithambileyo bahlelwa ngazo isikali seMohs.
Enye ipropathi ubu ethe-ethe. Oko kukuthi, kulula kangakanani okanye kunzima kangakanani ukophula ngesibetho esinye. Ukuqina akufuneki kubhidaniswe nobukrwada. Umzekelo, idayimane yeyona minerali inzima kuba ayinakukrwitshwa ngaphandle kokuba ikwenye idayimani. Nangona kunjalo, kulula kakhulu ukuyaphula xa ubethiwe, kuba ibuthathaka kakhulu.
Xa amaminerali eqhekeka inokuqhekeka ngokungaqhelekanga okanye ikhuphe rhoqo. Xa okwesibini kusenzeka, oko kuthetha ukuba banamaqhekeza alinganayo. Ukuhlalutya izimbiwa ngokupheleleyo Zonke iimpawu kunye neepropathi kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo.
Isikali se-Mohs silandelayo, ukusukela kobona bunzima obukhulu ukuya kokuncinci:
- 10. IDayimane
- 9. ICorundum
- 8. Itopazi
- 7. Quartz
- 6. Ii-orthoclases
- 5. Ukutya
- 4. Ifluorite
- 3. Ukubala
- 2 udaka
- 1.Talc
Ukuququzelela ukuqonda, kufuneka kuthiwe ukuba lukhuni kubandakanya ukukrwitshwa. Kule meko, i-talc inokukrwitshwa ngumntu wonke, kodwa ayinakukrwela mntu. I-Quartz inokukrwela lonke uluhlu ukusuka ku-6 ezantsi, kodwa inokukrwitshwa kuphela yitopazi, i-corundum kunye nedayimane. Idayimani, ukuba yeyona inzima, ayinakukrwitshwa nangubani na kwaye inokona wonke umntu.
Iindidi zezimbiwa
Indlela iiminerali ezibonakala ngayo kwindalo ibanceda babone amaqela amabini amakhulu. Kwelinye icala, kunjalo Amaminerali enza amatye, kwaye kwelinye icala, iiminerali zentsimbi.
Umzekelo wohlobo lokuqala lwezimbiwa yigranite. I-Granite lilitye eliqulathe iintlobo ezintathu zezimbiwa: i-quartz, i-feldspars, kunye ne-mica (jonga Iindidi zerock). Kuhlobo lwesibini sineentsimbi. Yintsimbi kuba ifunyenwe ngqo ngentsimbi. I-iron ore inomxholo ophezulu wendalo kunye nentsimbi emsulwa, ngoko ke inokutsalwa ngokuthe ngqo. Kufuneka kuthiwe i-ores ihlala ineempawu ezingcolileyo.
Phakathi kwezimbiwa ezenza amatye sinazo:
- Eli liqela lezimbiwa ezenza amatye ngobuninzi obukhulu. Sifumana i-biotite, i-olivine, i-quartz kunye ne-orthoose.
- Akukho zintsimbi. Ezi zimbiwa azinayo i-silicon kwaye zi-gypsum, halite kunye ne-calcite.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, sinemaminerali e-ore apho ikhutshwe ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto. Ukuqokelelwa okukhulu kohlobo olunye lwe-ore yamaminerali kuthiwa yidiphozithi. Ukufumana isinyithi kwi-ore, ukungcola kwahlulwa ngokutyunyuzwa kwaye emva koko iphinda ifake amaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Yile ndlela ezenziwa ngayo ii-ingots ezidumileyo.
Ndiyathemba ukuba ngolu lwazi unokuqonda ngakumbi malunga neendidi zezimbiwa.